Tag: plant breeding for food production

Questions Related to plant breeding for food production

Which pathogen causes the blast disease of rice?

biology breeding and biotechnology method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

  1. Cercospora personata

  2. Pyricularia oryzae

  3. Xanthomonas citri

  4. Tungro virus

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Blast disease in rice is caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae which was earlier known as Pyricularia oryzae. Different parts of the plants are affected by the fungus. The blast can occur wherever blast spores are present. Rice can have blast in all growth stages. There are lesions formed on the leaf, panicle and neck region of the plant. There is great loss in yield due to this disease affecting the rice plants.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

To obtain seedless watermelon, which among the following method is followed?

botany plant breeding common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production tissue culture

  1. Apomixis

  2. Somatic hybridization

  3. Organogenesis

  4. Micropropagation

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  • Isolated protoplasts from two different varieties of plants – each having a desirable character – can be fused to get hybrid protoplasts, which can be further grown to form a new plant. These hybrids are called somatic hybrids while the process is called somatic hybridization.
  • Protoplasts are used to produce variations in the morphology of leaves and flowers, ability/potential of the growth of the embryo, and enhancement of disease resistance in plants.
  • To obtain seedless watermelon, somatic hybridization methods are followed.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Somatic hybridization'.

Which of the following techniques are involved in the production of plant hybrids?

botany plant breeding common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production tissue culture

  1. Cybridisation

  2. tissue culture

  3. Emasculation

  4. Both A and C

Show answer
Correct Option: D

The term 'totipotency' refers to the capacity of a 

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. cell to generate whole plant

  2. bud to generate whole plant

  3. seed to germinate

  4. cell to enlarge in size

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The capacity to generate a whole new plant from any cell is called totipotency. That whole plant could be regenerated from explants ( any part of plant that taken out and grown under sterile conditions in a special nutritive media). 

So, the correct option is 'Option A' .

Micropropagation involves ____________________.

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Vegetative multiplication of plants by using microorganisms

  2. Vegetative multiplication of plants by using small explants

  3. Vegetative multiplication of plants by using micro-spores

  4. Non-vegetative multiplication of plants by using microspores and megaspores

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Micropropagation is the tissue culture technique used for rapid vegetative multiplication of ornamental plants and fruit trees by using small sized explants.

Which of the following should be used as an explant to generate a disease free plant?

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Anther

  2. Ovary cell

  3. Shoot tip

  4. Young embryo

Show answer
Correct Option: C

Which of the following problem does the frequent deep sea diver organism like whales may face?

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. compression of tissue surrounding air filled cavities.

  2. High blood nitrogen levels

  3. Lack of oxygen

  4. All of these

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Diving to depth can result in mechanical distortion and tissue compression, especially in gas-filled spaces of the body. Absorption of nitrogen into blood can cause high blood nitrogen levels which can exert amniotic effect. Lungs of the deep-diver cannot serve as a source of oxygen during the dive. 

An explant is

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. dead plant

  2. part of the plant

  3. part of the plant used in tissue culture

  4. part of the plant that expresses a specific gene

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

An explant is a part of the plant that taken out and grown in special nutritive media under sterile conditions. This is the process to generate a whole plant in tissue culture.

So, the correct option is 'Option C' .

The quickest method of plant breeding is

biology strategies for enhancement in food production common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production tissue culture

  1. Intoduction

  2. Selection

  3. Hybridisation

  4. Mutation breeding

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The correct answer is mutation breeding:

Plant breeding is the technique used to improve the variety of plants for human welfare. Introduction, selection, hybridization and mutation breeding are the main methods of crop improvement along with polyploid breeding, tissue culture and genetic engineering. Introduction is the process of introducing new plants from their old locality to the new one. Selection is the oldest method of plant improvement in which suitable varieties are selected. It is of two types-natural and artificial. Hybridization is the production of new varieties by crossing two or more plants having different genetical constitution. Mutation breeding is a quick way to introduce sudden changes in the genome of the plant.

Vegetative propagation through cell or tissue culture is known as

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Macropropagation

  2. Cloning

  3. Micropropagation

  4. Asexual propagation

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Micropropagation is culture of apical shoots, axillary buds and meristems on suitable nutrient medium to produce a genetically identical progeny. Macropropagation is production of progeny by means of conventional techniques including cuttings, air-layering and grafting. Production of genetically identical cell lineage or organisms is called as cloning. It includes both conventional and tissues culture techniques. Asexual propagation refers to production of progeny by single parent plant, it can occur through vegetative propagules (rhizome, tubers and bulb) or by artificial methods (cutting, and grafting).

Hence, the correct option is C.