Tag: plant breeding for food production
Questions Related to plant breeding for food production
Which one is a plant wax?
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Lanolin
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Spermaceti
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Carnauba
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Petrolatum
Carnauba wax is made from the leaves of the palm tree. It is also known as palm wax. It is obtained from the leaves of the carnauba palm by collecting and drying them, beating them to loosen the wax, then refining and bleaching the wax.
Which of the following is a correct match between crop, variety and resistance to diseases?
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Crop - Wheat, Variety - Himgiri, Resistance to disease - White rust
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Crop - Brassica, Variety - Pusa Sadabahar, Resistance to disease - Black rot
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Crop - Cowpea, Variety - Pusa Komal, Resistance to disease - Bacterial blight
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Crop - Chilli, Variety - Pusa Swarnim, Resistance to disease - Chilly mosaic virus
Which one of the following is not a fungal disease?
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Rust of wheat
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Smart of Bajra
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Black rot of crucifers
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Red rot of sugarcane
Black rust of wheat is caused by
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Puccinia
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Albugo
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Ustilago
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Cystopus
Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
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Disease - Black rot of crucifers; Causative Organism - Bacteria
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Disease - Brown rust of wheat; Causative Organism - Fungi
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Disease - Late blight of potato; Causative Organism - Virus
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Disease - Red rot of sugarcane; Causative Organism - Fungi
Late blight of potato is caused by Phytophthora infestans a oomycetae (fungi). Cool climate and wet weather help infection and spread, responsible for the irish famines in the nineties.
Use of certain chemicals and radiation to change the base sequence of genes of crop plants is termed
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recombinant DNA technology
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transgenic mechanism
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mutation breeding
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gene therapy
- Mutation breeding is the process of exposing seeds to certain chemicals and radiation in order to generate mutants with desirable traits to bred with other cultivators. This will change the base sequence of genes of crop plants. In mung bean, resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew were induced by mutations.
- Recombinant DNA technology is the process of joining DNA molecules together from 2 different species that are inserted into a host organism to produce new genetic recombinations.
- Transgenic mechanism is the mechanism of random integration of foreign DNA in transgenic animals.
- Gene therapy is a therapeutic process of delivery of nucleic acid into a patient's cell as a drug to treat a disease.
The hybrids are generally found to be superior to their parents, it is because of
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Homozygosity
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Hybrid vigour
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Parents are generally weak
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None of the above
Heterosis is also called as hybrid vigour. It is the increase in such characteristics as size, growth rate, fertility and yield of a hybrid organism over those of its parents. Plant and animal breeders exploit heterosis by mating two different pure-bred lines that have certain desirable traits. Because of this, hybrids are generally found to be superior to their parents. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Mutation is a
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Radioactive mutagens
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Chemical mutagens
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Radiation mutagens
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Change in base sequence
A mutation is a permanent change in the sequence of DNA. Mutations can be caused by external (exogenous) or endogenous (native) factors, or they may be caused by errors in the cellular machinery. Physical or chemical agents that induce mutations in DNA are called mutagens and are said to be mutagenic. Exogenous factors: environmental factors such as sunlight, radiation, and smoking can cause mutations. Endogenous factors: errors during DNA replication can lead to genetic changes as can toxic by-products of cellular metabolism.
IR-36 was developed through breeding of
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Six rice varieties and Oryza nivara
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13 rice varieties and Oryza nivara
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Oryza sativa and O. indica
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Oryza indica and O. nivara
Gurdev S. Khush crossed 13 varieties of rice from Oryza nivara to develop IR - 36 which was resistant to grassy stunt virus.
Steps to be followed by a plant breeder to get disease-resistant crops are.
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Screening of germplasm for disease resistant varieties.
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Hybridisation of selected parents.
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Selection and evaluation of the hybrids.
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Testing and release of new varieties.