Tag: evs - i

Prions are proteinaceous infectious agents that cause spongiform encephalopathies, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Potato spindle tuber disease is caused by a viroid, which is a naked RNA molecule. Red rust of tea and white rust of crucifers are caused by algal and fungal pathogens, respectively.

The limitations that are confronted while treating an infectious disease are that the impaired body functions happened due to the infection cannot recover completely, the patient is asked to have complete bed rest and infectious disease can spread from one person to another as it a contentious disease.

Pellagra or red sickness is a vitamin deficiency disease caused by chronic lack of Vitamin B3 in the diet. It can also be caused by the decreased intake of niacin or tryptophan. Described as three D's diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia, this is indicated by symptoms such as dermatitis, alopecia or hair loss, edema or swelling, red skin lesions, weakness and mental confusion.

Mosquito-borne diseases or mosquito-borne illness are disease caused by bacterial, viruses or parasites transmitted by mosquitoes. They can transmit disease without being affected themselves. Mosquito vectored diseases include protozoan diseases, i.e., malaria, filarial diseases, and viruses such as dengue, encephalitis and yellow fever. 

• Measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (commonly known as chickenpox), influenza are the chronic diseases of a virus. 
• These can be prevented from spreading by using vaccines. This vaccine works by prior exposure of a small dose of the virus or a protein from the virus, which activates the immune response.

Some infectious diseases can be passed from person to person. Some are transmitted by bites from insects or animals. And others are acquired by ingesting contaminated food or water or being exposed to organisms in the environment. Therefore, (d) is the correct answer.

Vector borne diseases are illnesses caused by an infectious microbe that is transmitted to vertebrates by another animal, usually an arthropod. This second animal is called a vector for the disease. There are a large number of viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases that can be transmitted by insect vectors. The most common vectors are blood sucking insects such as mosquitoes, fleas, lice, biting flies, bugs, lice, helminths and ticks. Most common vector borne diseases affecting people and their vectors are: malaria -anopheles mosquitoes, dengue and chikungunya - aedes mosquitoes, Leishmaniasis (kala azar) - sandflies, trypanosomiasis (gambia fever) - flies and bugs, filariasis - mosquitoes, encephalitis - mosquitoes and ticks, yellow fever - mosquito, plague - flies, lyme disease - ticks etc.

Pathogen is an infectious agent such as a virus, bacterium, prion, fungus, viriod or parasite that causes disease in its host. The host may be an animal, a plant, a fungus, or even another microorganism.