Tag: evs - i

Abiotic factors are the non living part of ecosystem. This can be distinguished into organic and inorganic. Organic include proteins, methane, carbohydrates etc., whereas inorganic includes iron, magnesium, oxygen, nitrogen etc.

A species whose presence and role within an ecosystem has a disproportionate effect on other organisms within the system. A keystone species is often a dominant predator whose removal allows a prey population to explode and often decreases overall diversity. It includes the American alligators, beavers, bees, elephants, gopher tortoises, grizzly bears, hummingbirds, ivory tree corals, jaguars, mountain lions, mycorrhizal fungi, Pacific salmon and prairie dogs. Thus, Mycorrhiza is a keystone species.

The biosphere is the world of living organisms together with soil layers (land or lithosphere), water (hydrosphere) and air (atmosphere) on the earth surface. Hence, it consists of 4 parts as land, water, air and living organisms. Of which  land, water and air are abiotic or non-living components and living organisms are biotic or living components. 
Producers are one of the type of biotic component, which produce their own food material from simple inorganic substances like $CO _2$ and water in presence of sunlight. E.g., Plants.
Consumers are one of the type of biotic component, which consume food prepared by producers. E.g., Human being, animals.
Decomposers are one of the type of biotic component, which derive their food material from dead, decaying matter. Eg. Bacteria, fungi.
Hence, option A, B and C are incorrect. 
Air is a abiotic or non-living type of component of biosphere. Therefore, option D is correct. 

Fossil fuels are non renewable conventional energy resources found inside earth's crust, where they have been formed through heat and compression on forests and other organic matter buried underneath due to earthquakes, landslides etc.

Water pollution is the mixing of contaminants to the water bodies (e.g., lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater) which changes the desired quality of water. Water pollution affects the entire biosphere, plants and organisms living in these bodies of water.

Water pollution affects the entire biosphere, plants and organisms as all the life forms depend on water for their survival. In almost all cases, the effect is damaging not only to individual species and population but also to the natural biological communities. 

Wildlife sanctuary is a place where animals live in a natural habitat. The place where animals live in artificial habitat is known as zoo. 

Reforestation can be defined as the establishment of forest by planting trees in those areas where there is no previous forest cover. This can be done either naturally by means of natural seeding or we can go for artificial methods in which the trees are planted or seeding is done directly.

The Gir national park and wildlife sanctuary are located at Gujarat. Kanha national park and Bandhavgarh national park is located in Madhya Pradesh. Sariska wildlife sanctuary and Ranthambore national park and wildlife sanctuary are located in Rajasthan. Mudumalai national park and wildlife sanctuary are located in Tamil Nadu. Thus, the correct answer is option B.