Tag: optics

Questions Related to optics

The distance between two point sources of light is 24 cm and a converging lens is kept in between two sources. The object distances of two sources from a converging lens of focal length of 9 cm, so that the image distances  of two sources are equal

image formation by lens image formation by lenses ray optics and optical instruments optics physics

  1. 12 cm

  2. 24 cm or 18cm

  3. 18 cm or 6 cm

  4. 24 cm

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Here $u _1 + u _2  =-24$.......(1).

$\dfrac{1}{v _1}-\dfrac{1}{u _1}=\dfrac{1}{9}$
and for the virtual image 
 $\dfrac{1}{-v _1}- \dfrac{1}{u _2}= \dfrac{1}{9}$

$ -(\dfrac{1}{u _1}+ \dfrac{1}{u _2})= \dfrac{2}{9} \implies u _1 u _2=108$.........(2)
On solving (1) and (2) 
We get $u^2+24u+108=0 \implies u= -18, \ - 6 $

The image of a candle flame formed by a lens is obtained on a  screen placed on the other side of the lens. If the image is three times the size of the flame and the distance between lens and image is $80\ cm$, at what distance should the candle be placed from the lens ? 

image formation by lens image formation by lenses ray optics and optical instruments optics physics

  1. $50\ cm$

  2. $-36.67\ cm$

  3. $-26.67\ cm$

  4. $80\ cm$

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Given, magnification $=-\dfrac{v}{u}=3$ and $v=80\ cm$
So, object distance, $u=-\dfrac{v}{3}=-\dfrac{80}{3}=-26.67\ cm$

An object of  $5\mathrm { cm }$  is placed before a concave mirror at a distance of  $40\mathrm { cm } .$  If its focal length is  $20\mathrm { cm }$  then what is the magnification of the image.

image formation by lens image formation by lenses ray optics and optical instruments optics physics

  1. $40$

  2. $20$

  3. $5$

  4. $-1$

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

$\begin{array}{l} \frac { 1 }{ v } =\frac { 1 }{ t } -\frac { 1 }{ u }  \ =\frac { { -1 } }{ { 20 } } -\frac { 1 }{ { -40 } } =\frac { { -1 } }{ { 40 } }  \ v=-40 \ m=-\frac { v }{ u } =-\frac { { -40 } }{ { -40 } } =-1 \ \therefore \, \, 1\times 1=1 \ Ans.\, \, (D) \end{array}$

In displacement method, the distance between object and screen is 96 cm. The ratio of lengths of two images formed by a converging lens placed between them is 4. Then :

image formation by lens image formation by lenses ray optics and optical instruments optics physics

  1. ratio of the length of object to the length of shorter image is 2

  2. distance between the two positions of the lens is 32 cm

  3. focal length of the lens is 64/3 cm

  4. when the shorter image is formed on screen, distance of the lens from the screen is 32 cm

Show answer
Correct Option: A,B,C,D
Explanation:
Given -  Distance between object and screen $a=96cm$ ,

             Ratio of lengths of images $=4:1$ ,

Let length of larger image is $II'=4x$ ,

      length of smaller image is $II''=x$ ,

      length of object is $OO'$ .

we know that ,  $OO'=\sqrt{II'\times II''}$ ,

                         $OO'=\sqrt{4x\times x}=2x$ ,

(A) Hence ratio of length of object to the length of shorter image will be ,

          $\dfrac{OO'}{II''}=\dfrac{2x}{x}=2$

(B) We have ,

                   $\dfrac{II''}{OO'}=\dfrac{u}{d+u}$ ,

                    $\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{u}{d+u}$ ,

or                $d=u$ ,

now , by    $u=\dfrac{a-d}{2}$ ,

or              $d=\dfrac{96-d}{2}$ ,

or              $d=32cm$

(C) By using , $f=\dfrac{a^{2}-d^{2}}{4a}$ ,

or                  $f=\dfrac{96^{2}-32^{2}}{4\times96}$ ,

or                  $f=64/3cm$ 

(D) When shorter image is on the screen , 

                   $u=\dfrac{a-d}{2}$ ,

or              $u=\dfrac{96-32}{2}$ ,

or              $u=32cm$

A lens forms a real image of an object on a screen placed at a distance of 100 cm from the screen. If the lens is moved by 20 cm towards the screen, another image of the object is formed on the screen. The focal length of the lens is:

image formation by lens image formation by lenses ray optics and optical instruments optics physics

  1. 12 cm

  2. 24 cm

  3. 36 cm

  4. 48 cm

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

From lens formula, $\displaystyle \frac{1}{v}-\frac{1}{u}=\frac{1}{f}$


$\displaystyle \frac{1}{100-u}+\frac{1}{u}=\frac{1}{f}$.....(1)

$\displaystyle \frac{1}{80-u}+\frac{1}{u+20}=\frac{1}{f}$........(2)

From (1) and (2),

$\displaystyle \frac{1}{100-u}+\frac{1}{u}=\frac{1}{80-u}+\frac{1}{u+20}$

$\displaystyle \frac{20}{\left ( u \right )\left ( u+20 \right )}=\frac{20}{\left ( 80-u \right )\left ( 100-u \right )}$

$\Rightarrow u^{2}+20 u=u^{2}-180 u+8000$

$\Rightarrow u=40$

$\displaystyle \frac{1}{60}+\frac{1}{40}=\frac{1}{f}$

$\Rightarrow f=24cm$

An object and a screen are mounted on an optical bench and a converging lens is placed between them so that a sharp image is received on the screen. The linear magnification of the image is 2.5. The lens is now moved 30 cm nearer to the screen and a sharp image is again formed on the screen. The focal length of the lens is:

image formation by lens image formation by lenses ray optics and optical instruments optics physics

  1. $14.0 cm$

  2. $14.3 cm$

  3. $14.6 cm$

  4. $14.9 cm$

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Given $\displaystyle \frac{v}{u} = 2.5$
$v= 2.5 u$
again $ v-u = 30$
$v=30+u$
$2.5 u = 30 +u$
$1.5 u=30$
$u=20$
Now, $\displaystyle \frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{u} + \frac{1}{v} = \frac{u+v}{uv}$
$f = \displaystyle \frac{uv}{u+v}= \frac{2.5 u^2}{3.5 u}$
   $\displaystyle =\frac{5}{7}u = \frac{5 \times 20}{7} = \frac{100}{7}=14.3cm$

It is very difficult to see through fog because

physics optics scattering of light and its applications some natural phenomena of light effects of light

  1. of scattering of light

  2. of total internal reflection

  3. fog is good absorber of light

  4. refractive index offog is very large

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Scattering is a phenomenon of forcing the deviation of light ray from its regular trajectory.Hence visibility in fog is less.

Stokes and antistokes line observed in Raman scattering is due to ________ of light.

physics optics scattering of light and its applications some natural phenomena of light effects of light

  1. reflection

  2. inelastic scattering

  3. elastic scattering

  4. dispersion

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Stokes and antistokes line observed in Raman scattering is due to the inelastic scattering of light.

In Raman scattering, Stokes and Antistokes lines respectively represents lines with ______ and _____ wavelength

physics optics scattering of light and its applications some natural phenomena of light effects of light

  1. Low, High

  2. High, High

  3. High, Low

  4. Low, Low

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In raman scattering stokes lines are the high wavelength & antistokes have least wavelength in the scattered light.

In Raman effect, the wavelength of the incident radiation is $5890\overset{o}{A}$. The wavelengths of Stocks and anti-stocks lines are respectively.

physics optics scattering of light and its applications some natural phenomena of light effects of light

  1. $5880\overset{o}{A}$ and $5900\overset{o}{A}$

  2. $5900\overset{o}{A}$ and $5880\overset{o}{A}$

  3. $5900\overset{o}{A}$ and $5910\overset{o}{A}$

  4. $5870\overset{o}{A}$ and $5880\overset{o}{A}$

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Incident wavelength=$5890 A^{0}$

  • Stocks  lines have wavelength more than the incident radiation
$\lambda _{s}>$ incident wavelength
  • Anti stocks lines have wavelength less than incident radiation
$\lambda _{as}<$ incident wavelength
So the correct option is B