Tag: solid waste management

In composting organic material, food wastes, kitchen waste, waste from kitchen etc are segregated from the household waste. These are then allowed to decompose and produce compost. 

Compost  is organic matter that has been decomposed and recycled as a fertilizer and soil amendment. Compost is a key ingredient in organic farming. At the simplest level, the process of composting simply requires making a heap of wetted organic matter known as green waste (leaves, food waste) and waiting for the materials to break down into humus after a period of weeks or months. Modern, methodical composting is a multi-step, closely monitored process with measured inputs of water, air, and carbon- and nitrogen-rich materials. The decomposition process is aided by shredding the plant matter, adding water and ensuring proper aeration by regularly turning the mixture. Worms and fungi further break up the material. Compost is rich in nutrients. It is used in gardens, landscaping, horticulture, and agriculture. The compost itself is beneficial for the land in many ways, including as a soil conditioner, a fertilizer, addition of vital humus or humic acids, and as a natural pesticide for soil. In ecosystems, compost is useful for erosion control, land and stream reclamation, wetland construction, and as landfill cover.

Vermiculture is another way of preparation of manure from kitchen and food wastes. In this process worms and other similar organism are added to the waste which help in making compost. 

The term usually relates to all kinds of waste, whether generated during the extraction of raw materials, the processing of raw materials into intermediate and final products, the consumption of final products, or other human activities, including municipal (residential, institutional, commercial), agricultural, and special (health care, household hazardous wastes, sewage sludge). Waste management is intended to reduce adverse effects of waste on health, the environment or aesthetics. 

Water pollution is a major threat to the environment. The release of industrial pollutants contributes to water pollution. The recycling and the reusing of the wastes and by treating and neutralising harmful chemicals in the wastes can reduce the pollution.

Waste generated from industries is called as industrial waste. Most of the industrial waste is recycled. This helps in proper management of waste.

Soil fertility can be improved by used fertilizers. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers decreases the soil fertility. Fertilizers like organic manure, vermicompost etc. helps in increasing the soil fertility.

Hydroponics is the method of growing plants without soil. The gravel or sand is used in soilless culture system to provide plant support and retain mineral nutrient and water. 
Thus, the correct answer is option (A).