Tag: taxonomy and systematic botany

Taxonomy is the branch of science that deals with principles, rules and procedure of classification of organisms based on their similarities and dissimilarities. 

Taxonomy is the branch of science that deals with principles, rules and procedure of classification of organisms based on their similarities and dissimilarities. Since identification and nomenclature is the prerequisite for classification; the first step in taxonomy is identification followed by nomenclature and then classification. So, option A is the correct answer. 

The term phylogeny deals with the study of the evolutionary history of an organism. The classification which is based on the evolutionary relationship of organisms is referred to as phylogenetic classification. The evolutionary changes, lineage and history are taken into account during the classification.  

Taxon represents taxonomic group of any rank. Each plant belongs to a hierarchy of taxa which are assigned taxonomic ranks. For example, different taxa for onion are Allium cepa (species rank), Allium (genus rank), liliaceae (family rank), thus Allium cepa, Allium, liliaceae are different taxa to which onion belongs. 

Linnaeus is considered as the father of taxonomy and was first to use the binomial nomenclature for organisms. He proposed natural system of classification for living organism and divide them into plant and animal kingdom; his system was first described in Systema Naturae in which he described all known species of plant and animal. Linnaeus described plant genera known to him in Genera Plantarum. He described all plant species known to him in his book Species Plantarum in which he gave a generic name to each species. 

Taxonomy is the branch of science that deals with principles, rules and procedure of classification of organisms based on their similarities and dissimilarities. Since identification and nomenclature are the prerequisites for classification, the first step in taxonomy is identification followed by nomenclature and then classification. 

Diverse nutritional habits ranging from autotrophic to obligate intracellular parasite; thus they can be autotrophs like plants, heterotrophs like animals and decomposers/saprotrophs like algae. They are classified on the basis of phylogenetic relationship based on rRNA sequences. Option B is correct. Prokaryotes are characterized by absence of true membrane bound nucleus and intracellular membranous structures; these characters differentiate them from eukaryotic organisms. Option A is incorrect. Plants are eukaryotic organisms with characteristic cell wall and autotrophic mode of nutrition. Option C is incorrect. Animals differ from plants by absence of cell wall and heterotrophic mode of nutrition. Option D is incorrect. Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Eichler classified the plant kingdom into two sub-kingdoms namely Cryptogamae (absence of flowers and seeds and reproduces by spores) and Phanerogamae (presence of flowers and seeds) in the year 1833. He accepted the concept of evolution and considered the simple characters with respect to related plants. 

Natural system of classification was proposed to classify the organism on the basis of similarities which can be easily observed. The classification takes into consideration the number of similar and different characters. The natural system of classification was introduced by Bentham and Hooker for the plants which have seeds. This was explained in the book Genera Plantarum which was published in three volumes and based on the work of these scientists.