Tag: living world

Questions Related to living world

Consider the following statements.
a. Mycorrhizae decrease the efficiency of plants to absorb phosphorus from the soil.
b. Only certain prokaryotes synthesize the enzyme nitrogen's.
Which of the statements are correct?

botany living world mycorrhiza classification of fungi kingdom monera, protista and fungi useful and harmful microbes

  1. $1$ only

  2. $2$ only

  3. Both $1$ and $2$

  4. Neither $1$ nor $2$

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Which one is an example of mutualism?

(a) Mycorrhiza
(b) Orchid and Bee
(c) Fig tree and wasp
(d) Epiphytes.

botany living world mycorrhiza classification of fungi kingdom monera, protista and fungi useful and harmful microbes

  1. a and b

  2. b and d

  3. a and c

  4. a, b and c

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Orchids and orchid bees are a classic example of mutualism. The flowers depend on the bees to pollinate them so they can reproduce and, in return, the bees get fragrance compounds they use during courtship displays and mycorrhizae are symbiotic relationships that form between fungi and plants. The fungi colonize the root system of a host plant, providing increased water and nutrient absorption capabilities while the plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates formed from photosynthesis. 


So, the correct option is - 'A and b'.

Select the true statements out of the following.
(A) VAM is useful for phosphate absorption.
(B) Most of the lichens are ascolichens.
(C) Trebouxia is most common phycobiont in lichens.

botany living world mycorrhiza classification of fungi kingdom monera, protista and fungi useful and harmful microbes

  1. Only A and B

  2. Only B and C

  3. Only C

  4. A, B and C

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Lichens are classified as per their fungal component and the species  are given the same binomial name as per the fungus species in the lichen. The  partner in a lichen which enables photosynthesis is called as photobiont and the algal photobionts are called as phycobionts. Trebouxia, a genus of green algae is most common phycobiont and occurs in 40% of all lichens.
Since, the fungal component of the lichen may be a ascomycete or a basidiomycete, the associated lichens to ascomycetes are called as ascolichens.
Vesicular Arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM fungi) forms symbiosis with higher plants. This type of symbiosis helps in the intake of nutrients especially phosphorus.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Give a brief account on VAM.

botany living world mycorrhiza classification of fungi kingdom monera, protista and fungi useful and harmful microbes

  1. Forms fungal sheath around root

  2. Fungal hypha grows intracelluarly

  3. Fungal hypha destoys cortical cells to rach phloem of the plant

  4. Forms hartig net in the intercellular spaces of cortex

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Mycorrhiza is the product formed by the symbiotic association between the fungus and the roots of higher plants. Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM) is the symbiotic association between Phycomycetes fungus and the roots of angiospermic plants forming a mycelial sheath and also acts as a biofertilizer.
Some of the main characteristic features are :
• Helps to absorb important macro and microelements and water
• Compatible with other biofertilizers
• Provides protection to the plants from pathogenic fungi and nematodes 
• Does not affect ecological balance and environmental friendly.
So, the correct answer is 'Forms fungal sheath around root'

An association between roots of higher plants and fungi is called

botany living world mycorrhiza classification of fungi kingdom monera, protista and fungi useful and harmful microbes

  1. Lichen

  2. Fem

  3. Mycorrhiza

  4. BGA

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A mycorrhiza is a harmonious relationship between an organism and the underlying roots of a vascular host plant. 

So, the correct option is 'mycorrhiza'.

Fungus which is found in Pinus root is

botany living world mycorrhiza classification of fungi kingdom monera, protista and fungi useful and harmful microbes

  1. Amanita

  2. Corticium

  3. Fornes

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Mycorrhiza is the term used to define the association of fungi on roots of vascular plants. In the case of woody plants such as pine, birch and oak, the fungi belonging to the phyllum; Basidomycota and Acomycota form the mycorrhizal assoociations. Ectomycorrhizas, such as Amanita and Boletus form mycorrhizas on Pinus.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Mycorrhiza is an association between roots of higher plant and fungus. It is an example of

botany living world mycorrhiza classification of fungi kingdom monera, protista and fungi useful and harmful microbes

  1. Symbiosis

  2. Parasitism

  3. Helotism

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Biologically, mycorrhiza is defined as an association of fungi and roots of vascular plants. In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus tends to colonise the host plant roots either intracellular or extracellular. However, this is a symbiotic association, which is generally mutualistic and rarely pathogenic.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.  

Match column I with column II and select the correct answer from the given codes.

Column I  Column II 
A. Mycorrhizae (i) Azadirachtin
B. Bacillus thuringiensis (ii) Phosphorus nutrition
C. Root nodules (iii)  Leghaemoglobin 
D. Biopesticide (iv) Bioinsecticide
botany living world mycorrhiza classification of fungi kingdom monera, protista and fungi useful and harmful microbes

  1. A-(iii), B-(i), C-(ii), D-(iv)

  2. A-(ii), B-(iii), C-(iv), D-(i)

  3. A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(iii), D-(i)

  4. A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(ii), D-(i)

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Mycorrhizae helps in phosphorus uptake from the soil.
Bacillus thuringiensis is a bioinsecticide.
Leghaemoglobin is present in the root nodules in leguminous plants.
Azadiractin is a secondary metabolite present in the neem seeds and it acts as a biopesticide.
So, the correct option is 'A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(iii), D-(I)'

Which of the following are functions of phycobiont in a lichen?

botany living world lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

  1. Synthesis of organic food

  2. Nitrogen fixation

  3. Mineral absorbtion

  4. Both A and B

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

a) The phycobiont part of lichen is the autotrophic part which constitutes algae. The function of autotrophic algae is to provide nutrition. It synthesizes organic food by the process of photosynthesis.
b) If the algal component is blue-green algae, then apart from photosynthesis phycobionts also carry out nitrogen fixation. Nostoc, blue-green algae consist of heterocysts that have the enzyme nitrogenase. Nitrogenase converts atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form of nitrogen.

c) Mineral absorption is done by fungal mycelium.
So the correct answer is ' Synthesis of organic food and NItrogen fixation'.

The component of a lichen may belong to which of the following kingdom/s?

botany living world lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

  1. Plantae

  2. Monera

  3. Fungi

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • The components of lichen include fungi and algae.
  • Algae may be cyanobacteria or green algae.
  • Cyanobacteria belong to the kingdom monera as they are prokaryotic organisms.
  • Green algae belong to Thallophyta of kingdom Plantae.
  • Fungi belong to kingdom fungi.
  • So the correct answer is " Any of the above".