Tag: living world

Questions Related to living world

The ectomycorrhizae form _______ on the root surface.

  1. Root tuber

  2. Mantle

  3. Root hair

  4. Vesicles


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Ectomycorrhizas are further differentiated from other mycorrhizas by the formation of a dense hyphal sheath, known as the mantle, surrounding the root surface. The sheathing mantle can be up to 40 Hm thick, with hyphae extending soil. These associations are formed predominantly on the fine root tips of the host distributed unevenly throughout the root surface.

Mycorrhiza is an example of

  1. Symbiotic relationship

  2. Ectoparasitism

  3. Endopasitism

  4. Decomposers


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Symbiosis describes close interactions between two or more different species in which both species benefit. A mycorrhiza is defined as a symbiotic relationship between the roots of vascular plants and fungi.

What is true about mycorrhiza?

  1. It is an association of fungus and higher plants.

  2. It is association of algae and fungi.

  3. It is association of algae with higher plants.

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Mycorrhizas are symbiotic associations essential for one or both partners, between a fungus (specialised for life in soils and plants) and a root (or other substrate-contacting organ) of a living plant, that is primarily responsible for nutrient transfer. Mycorrhizas occur in a specialised plant organ where intimate contact results from synchronised plant-fungus development. Mycorrhizal fungi are a major component of the soil microflora in many ecosystems, but usually have limited saprophytic abilities. They are considered to have many important roles in natural and managed ecosystems.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Mycorrhiza is an example of

  1. Symbiotic relationships

  2. Ectoparasitism

  3. Endoparasitism

  4. Decomposers


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Mycorrhizae is the symbiotic association between the plant roots and fungi. The fungi colonize the living root tissue during active plant growth. The relationship between plants and fungi is symbiotic because the plant obtains phosphate and other minerals through the fungus, while the fungus obtains sugars from the plant root. 

Fungal association of roots of higher plants in mycorrhiza is

  1. Parasitism

  2. Hyperparasitism

  3. Mutualism

  4. Commensalism


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In mutualism or symbiosis both the organisms in the association are mutually benefitted and further this association is obligatory, i.e., necessary for the existence of both organisms. Mycorrhiza is an example of symbiosis. It is an association between roots of higher plants and fungal hyphae. The fungal hyphae supply water and nutrients to the plant and in turn get food from the plant. So, both the organisms are mutually benefitted.

Mycorrhizae specialized for absorption of nutrients from the soil are

  1. Symbiotic association of fungi with algae

  2. Symbiotic association of fungi with roots of higher plants

  3. Symbiotic association of fungi with insects

  4. Fungi living on leaves of plants


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Mycorrhiza is the association of fungi and the roots of plants. It is a symbiotic association where fungus helps in increasing the surface area of absorption. The mycorrhiza fungi help in the mineral uptake for the plant. The plant provides shelter and protection to the fungus. The fungus also obtains sugars from the plant.

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched? 

  1. Rhizobium -Parasite in the roots of leguminous plants.

  2. Mycorrhizae -Mineral uptake from soil.

  3. Yeast -Production of biogas.

  4. Myxomycetes -The ringworm diseases


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic relationship between fungi and roots of higher plants. Mycorrhizae present in the soil help in the uptake of minerals from soil. These organisms also help in the binding of roots to the soil. Since it is active transport in the roots, the mycorrhizae help in this active transport of minerals.

Mycorrhiza exhibits the phenomenon of

  1. Antagonism

  2. Endemism

  3. Parasitism

  4. Symbiosis


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Symbiosis describes close interactions between two or more different species. In symbiotic relationship, the two species benefits. A mycorrhiza is defined as a symbiotic relationship between the roots of plants and fungi. The fungal symbiont gets shelter and food from the plant which, in turn, acquires an array of benefits such as better uptake of phosphorus, salinity and drought tolerance, maintenance of water balance, and overall increase in plant growth and development.

VAM contains 

  1. Symbiotic bacteria

  2. Saprophytic bacteria

  3. Symbiotic fungi

  4. Saprophytic fungi


Correct Option: C

Mycorrhiza promotes plant growth by

  1. Absorbing inorganic ions from soil

  2. Serving as plant growth regulator

  3. Protecting plant from infection

  4. Helping plant in using atmospheric nitrogen


Correct Option: A