World Leaders and Politicians

Theodore Roosevelt was 42 years, 322 days old when he became President after McKinley's assassination in 1901, making him the youngest president in US history. JFK (43), Obama (47), and Washington (57) were all older when they assumed office. Note that TR is often confused with JFK who was the youngest elected president, but not youngest to assume office.

In Forbes' 2010 'World's Most Powerful People' list, Chinese President Hu Jintao ranked #1, surpassing US President Barack Obama (#2), due to China's economic rise and his control over 1.3 billion people and the world's largest army. Angela Merkel was #10. The answer B is correct despite 'forbs' typo.

Karl Doenitz was appointed Hitler's successor as Fuehrer in Hitler's political testament, and he briefly served as the President of Germany from April 30 to May 23, 1945. Doenitz had been a Grand Admiral and Commander of the German Navy (Kriegsmarine). Options B and C were other high-ranking Nazi officials, while Goering (Option D) had been named successor but was ousted by Hitler before his death.

John F. Kennedy's grave at Arlington National Cemetery is one of the most visited graves in the United States, attracting millions of visitors annually. The eternal flame at his gravesite makes it particularly iconic and visited.

Dwight Eisenhower died of natural causes (heart failure) in 1969 after leaving office. The other three presidents listed - Kennedy, Lincoln, and Garfield - all died from assassination: Kennedy in 1963, Lincoln in 1865, and Garfield in 1881.

Demosthenes was a famous Greek orator of Athens, renowned for his powerful speeches and rhetorical skill. He is best known for his Philippics, speeches warning against the rise of Macedonian power. He was never a Roman ruler or English king.

Jimmy Carter (James Earl Carter Jr.), the 39th President of the United States (1977-1981), was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002 for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development through the Carter Center. Desmond Tutu won in 1984, de Klerk in 1993, Gorbachev in 1990.

Henry Kissinger, who served as National Security Advisor and later Secretary of State under President Nixon, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1973 jointly with North Vietnamese leader Le Duc Tho for negotiating the Paris Peace Accords ending US involvement in the Vietnam War. Le Duc Tho declined the prize. Jimmy Carter won in 2002, Gorbachev in 1990, Tutu in 1984.

Desmond Tutu was the Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town and a prominent anti-apartheid activist in South Africa. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984 for his nonviolent campaign against racial segregation. Jimmy Carter received the prize in 2002, Kissinger in 1973, and de Klerk in 1993 (jointly with Mandela).

Mikhail Gorbachev was the last leader of the Soviet Union and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990 for his reforms (glasnost and perestroika) that helped end the Cold War. His policies led to arms reduction treaties and the peaceful dissolution of Soviet control over Eastern Europe.

Austen Chamberlain was British Foreign Secretary who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1925 for his key role in negotiating the Locarno Pact. This treaty guaranteed post-WWI European borders and aimed to prevent future conflicts. He shared the honor with American Vice President Charles Dawes.

This is a duplicate of question 105974 testing the same fact. Austen Chamberlain won the 1925 Nobel Peace Prize for the Locarno Pact. de Klerk won in 1993 for ending apartheid (not 1925 or the Locarno Pact).

Aristide Briand was French Foreign Minister who shared the 1926 Nobel Peace Prize with German Gustav Stresemann for the Locarno Pact. This agreement stabilized European post-WWI borders and improved Franco-German relations. Briand also co-founded the League of Nations.

Lee Myung-bak, the President of South Korea, was the chief guest at India's Republic Day parade in 2010. This was part of India's diplomatic outreach to important partner nations. Republic Day chief guests are always visiting heads of state or government.

President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono of Indonesia was the chief guest at India's 62nd Republic Day parade in 2011. This was part of India's diplomatic outreach to Southeast Asian nations. French Presidents have been guests multiple times (most recently in 2016), South Korean President Lee Myung-bak was the guest in 2010, and the President of Kazakhstan has never been the chief guest.