World Geography and Capitals

Astana (renamed Nur-Sultan in 2019, now back to Astana) is the capital of Kazakhstan, a Central Asian nation. The city was deliberately planned and built to replace Almaty as the capital in 1997. Chisinau is Moldova's capital, Valletta is Malta's, and Port-au-Prince is Haiti's.

Nairobi is the capital and largest city of Kenya, located in East Africa. It's one of Africa's most prominent cities and hosts the UN headquarters for Africa. Riga is Latvia's capital, Amman is Jordan's, and Mogadishu is Somalia's.

Yaounde is the capital of Cameroon, a Central African country. It's the political center while Douala is the economic capital. Belmopan is Belize's capital, Bogota is Colombia's, and Sofia is Bulgaria's.

Sarajevo is the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a Balkan country in Southeast Europe. It's known for its diverse cultural heritage and historical significance. Bujumbura is Burundi's capital, Sydney is a major Australian city (not a capital), and Zagreb is Croatia's capital.

Zagreb is the capital and largest city of Croatia, located in Central Europe at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe. It's known for its medieval architecture and cultural institutions. Caracas is Venezuela's capital, Manama is Bahrain's, and La Paz is Bolivia's administrative capital.

Khartoum is the capital of Sudan, located at the confluence of the White and Blue Nile rivers. It's the political and cultural center of the country. Dushanbe is Tajikistan's capital, Mbabane is Eswatini's, and Sao Tome is Sao Tome and Principe's capital.

Honiara is the capital of Solomon Islands, located on the island of Guadalcanal in the South Pacific. It's the largest city and main port of the island nation. Bratislava is Slovakia's capital, Maputo is Mozambique's, and Ljubljana is Slovenia's.

Abu Dhabi is the capital and second-most populous city of the United Arab Emirates. While Dubai is the most famous city and commercial hub, Abu Dhabi serves as the political center where the federal government and ruling family are based.

Harare has been the capital of Zimbabwe since 1982, when the country changed its name from Rhodesia to Zimbabwe following independence. It is the largest city and the country's administrative, commercial, and communications center.

Islamabad became the capital of Pakistan in 1967, replacing Karachi which was the original capital. It was built as a planned city to serve as the political center, while Karachi remains the largest city and economic hub.

Tegucigalpa is the capital and largest city of Honduras, located in the southern highlands. It has served as the political center since the country's independence and forms part of the Central District with its twin city Comayaguela.

Niamey has been the capital of Niger since 1926 during French colonial rule. It is located in the western part of the country on the Niger River and is the largest city and administrative center.

Maputo is the capital and largest city of Mozambique, located on the Indian Ocean coast. It was known as Lourenço Marques during Portuguese colonial rule and retained its status as capital after independence in 1975.

Bogota is the capital and largest city of Colombia, located in the Andes mountains at 2,640 meters above sea level. It is the country's political, economic, and cultural center, housing the government and main institutions.

Yerevan is the capital and largest city of Armenia, and one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities. It has served as the capital since 1918 and is the country's political, cultural, and economic center.