World Geography and Capitals

Berlin has been Germany's capital since German reunification in 1990. Hamburg, Frankfurt, and Munich are all major German cities, but none serve as the national capital.

Budapest is Hungary's capital and largest city, formed by the unification of Buda, Obuda, and Pest in 1873. Miskolc, Debrecen, and Sopron are all Hungarian cities but none serve as the capital.

Islamabad has been Pakistan's capital since the 1960s, when it replaced Karachi. Islamabad was built as a planned city specifically to serve as the capital. Multan and Lahore are major Pakistani cities, and Karachi was the former capital.

Manila is the capital of the Philippines. Lima is the capital of Peru, Lisbon is the capital of Portugal, and Honiara is the capital of Solomon Islands - all are distractors that are capitals of other countries.

South Africa is unique in having three capitals: Pretoria (executive), Cape Town (legislative), and Bloemfontein (judicial). Johannesburg is the largest city and economic hub, but it is NOT one of the three official capitals, making it the correct answer to 'which is not a capital'.

Hanoi is the capital city of Vietnam. The other options are capitals of different countries: Ankara (Turkey), Caracas (Venezuela), and Sanaa (Yemen). The question contains a typo ('Capitan' instead of 'Capital').

Kampala is the capital and largest city of Uganda. The distractors are capitals of other African/Middle Eastern countries: Tunis (Tunisia), Lome (Togo), and Dushanbe (Tajikistan). Uganda is a landlocked country in East Africa.

Montevideo is the capital and largest city of Uruguay. The other options are capitals: Ashgabat (Turkmenistan), Mbabane (Eswatini), and Paramaribo (Suriname). Uruguay is in South America, so eliminate the non-South American options.

London is the capital of the United Kingdom, housing the UK Parliament, Buckingham Palace (the monarch's residence), and serving as the political, cultural, and economic center. Manchester and Liverpool are major cities but not capitals, while Tottenham is a district within London.

Washington DC is the capital of the United States, specifically created as a federal district independent of any state. New York is the largest city but not the capital, while Chicago and Los Angeles are major metropolitan centers.

Canberra is the capital of Australia, chosen in 1908 as a compromise between rivals Sydney and Melbourne. Sydney is the largest city and a common distractor, while Melbourne was the temporary capital before Canberra was established.

Madrid is the capital of Spain and has been since 1561, serving as the political center. Barcelona is a major city and capital of Catalonia, Milan is in Italy, and Lisbon is the capital of Portugal.

Abu Dhabi is the capital of the United Arab Emirates and serves as the political center. Dubai is the most famous city and a common distractor, while Sharjah and Fujerah are other emirates in the UAE.

Manama is the capital of Bahrain. Doha is the capital of Qatar, Panama is the capital of Panama, and Riyadh is the capital of Saudi Arabia.