Wave Motion

Wavelength is the spatial distance between two consecutive points in the same phase, such as crest-to-crest or trough-to-trough. It represents one complete cycle of the wave and is typically measured in meters.

The statement is false because it has the shifts reversed. Objects approaching the observer produce blueshift (higher frequency), while receding objects produce redshift (lower frequency).

Tsunamis travel at approximately 720 km/h (about 200 m/s or 400-500 mph) in deep ocean water, making option A correct. This high speed is why tsunamis can cross entire oceans quickly, though they slow down and gain height in shallow water near coastlines.

Wave speed is calculated as the product of frequency and wavelength: v = fλ. Option D correctly shows this relationship where the symbol represents wavelength. Options A and C incorrectly divide by wavelength, and option B has the correct factors but unclear notation.

Frequency is defined as the number of complete wave cycles (or crests) that pass a fixed point per unit time. By counting how many crests pass in a given time interval and dividing by that time, you directly calculate frequency. Wavelength (A) is the distance between crests, amplitude (B) is wave height, and velocity (C) is speed - none of these are calculated by counting crests over time.

Water waves are primarily transverse waves, where water particles move up and down (perpendicular to wave direction) as the wave energy travels horizontally. While water waves have some longitudinal components, they are classified as transverse.

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We know that v_p > c > v_g.

Correct Answer: In $T E_{02}$ mode, the waves travel horizontally.

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