Water Conservation and Management

Drip irrigation is a type of micro-irrigation system that has the potential to save water and nutrients by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants either from above the soil surface (or) buried below the surface. The goal is to place water directly into the root zone, minimize evaporation to reduce the wastage of minerals.

Rainwater can be used to recharge the groundwater. This is referred to as water harvesting and rainwater harvesting.

Collecting rain water for future use is called rainwater harvesting but rain water collection cannot possible in small container.

Bawris are one of the old methods of rain water management. These are deep wells dug in the ground which have steps to reach the water stored. These bawris help in storage of water for longer time as the amount of evaporation of water from the deep well is very less.Bawris are very popular in Rajasthan. People of Rajasthan get access to water through bawris even in summer season.

Global water usage statistics consistently show that agriculture accounts for approximately 70% of total freshwater withdrawals worldwide.

Flood risk in new developments can be reduced by restricting the location of development (zonings) and placing controls (regulations) on development. In existing developed areas, risk can be reduced by modifying flood behaviour (for example, through dams, detention basins, levees, waterway modifications), property modification measures (for example, land filling, flood proofing, house raising, removing developments), and response modification measures (for example, upgrading flood evacuation routes, flood warnings, flood evacuation planning, flood education programs).

Drip irrigation is a form of irrigation that saves water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of many different plants, either onto the soil surface or directly onto the root zone, through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. It is done through narrow tubes that deliver water directly to the base of the plant. It is chosen instead of surface irrigation for various reasons, often including concern about minimizing evaporation.

Drip irrigation is used in farms, commercial greenhouses, and residential gardeners. Drip irrigation is adopted extensively in areas of acute water scarcity and especially for crops and trees such as coconuts, containerized landscape trees, grapes, bananas, pandey, eggplant, citrus, strawberries, sugarcane, cotton, maize, and potatoes.

Harvesting rainwater at home and school generally help in using it up in times of scarcity.

Trees, especially drought-tolerant, native species, also provide critical services that directly attack some of the consequences of drought. Native trees send out deep, water-seeking roots into the soil to tap into local groundwater and draw it to the surface.

Conserving water makes us use the water the less so that water is not wasted and could put in use during droughts.

All listed actions are appropriate strategies for drought management: drip irrigation saves water, rationing ensures fair distribution, and stopping non-essential construction saves resources.

Over 68 percent of the fresh water on the Earth is found in icecaps and glaciers, and just over 30 percent is found in ground water. Only about 0.3 percent of our fresh water is found in the surface water of lakes, rivers and swamps.

Water is a renewable resource which can be replenished due to the activity of rainfall. The resource can be degraded due to the addition of the pollutants from the sources like industries, domestic, agricultural, etc. The wastes which are added to the water bodies can be cleaned using the help of microbes in the treatment plants. So, water resource is degradable but the purity of the water can be maintained. 

Groundwater is formed by rainwater that accumulates below the soil levels. This forms the water table below the soil. Around 76% of the freshwater source is groundwater. Apart from this, it is also present in ponds, lakes glaciers etc.