Water Conservation and Management

Water used in the production of a good or service is known as virtual water.

By 1973, India's irrigation capacity had nearly doubled from 1951 levels, reaching 18.4 million hectare-metres. This growth reflects the success of major multipurpose river valley projects commissioned during the 1950s-1960s.

India utilizes approximately 10 million hectare-metres of its 40 million hectare-metres potential groundwater resources, representing about 25% utilization. This leaves significant room for groundwater development, though sustainability concerns exist.

Water mills were traditionally used to grind grains before the advent of modern energy sources. The kinetic energy of flowing water was harnessed to turn millstones that crushed wheat, corn, and other grains into flour. This was one of the earliest applications of water power for mechanical work.

Wells and tube wells are the largest source of irrigation in India, covering about 45-50% of irrigated area. Canals are second (around 30-35%), followed by tanks and other sources. Wells provide critical irrigation in areas where canal networks are less developed.

A waterspout is essentially a tornado that occurs over water, featuring a rotating column of air connecting a cumuliform cloud to a water surface. Like tornadoes, waterspouts consist of a spinning vortex of wind and water droplets. They can form over oceans, lakes, or bays, and while generally weaker than land tornadoes, they pose significant hazards to marine vessels and coastal areas.

Yes, it is correct. Only c is incorrect.

Yes, it is correct. As all the three reasons either disturb the ground water level or contaminate it.

Yes, it is correct as irrigation systems were built as early as during the Mauryan Empire.

Yes, it is correct. Regulating and damming of rivers affects their natural flow causing poor sediment flow and excessive sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoir, resulting in rockier stream beds and poorer habitats for the rivers.

Wells and tube wells are the most widely used irrigation source in India, covering approximately 60% of irrigated land. They are accessible to individual farmers and can be installed across diverse geographic regions. Canals require large infrastructure; tanks are region-specific to South India; none of these are as widespread as wells.

Water is an essential molecule required by living beings for all processes. Clothes need to be washed properly to remove dust and dirt which is done by using water and detergent. Huge amount of water is required to wash clothes properly. A very little amount of water is required for bushing, cooking and drinking as compared to washing clothes.

Furniture is the object used in various human activities especially in the households like beds, chairs etc. These objects are mostly made up of woods or glasses. Water is not used in making the furniture.

Dam is a man-made construction which is built to retain water, to manage or prevent water inflow into specific land regions and also to produce hydroelectricity. It is not a natural source of water.

Water required for domestic purposes in various households is supplied from water treatment plants where water is purified, after which this treated water is transferred to domestic areas using water pipes or a network of pipes.