Verbal Analogies

A dunce is someone lacking cleverness. Similarly, fearful is someone lacking courage. Both pairs show 'person lacking quality:quality'. This is a 'deficiency:quality' relationship. Beautiful:attractive are synonyms, worry:poor aren't opposites, and flower:petals is 'whole:part'.

Bacteria cause illness (agent:result). Similarly, fire can cause explosion. The relationship is causal - the first element produces or leads to the second.

Poetry is divided into stanzas, while prose is divided into chapters. Both stanza and chapter are structural units that organize their respective literary forms.

Fragile things are prone to cracking (they crack when stressed). Similarly, pliable things are capable of bending (they bend when force is applied). The relationship is property:result.

Rehearsal comes before performance as a preparatory step. Engagement comes before marriage as a preparatory period. Both are practice/preparation phases that precede the main event.

Sip and gulp are both ways of drinking but differ in degree - sipping is gentle/minimal, gulping is forceful/complete. Similarly, touch and push are both forms of physical contact but differ in degree - touching is light/gentle, pushing is forceful.

Drama is directed by a Director. Similarly, Magazine is edited by an Editor.

A bouquet is an arrangement/collection of flowers. Similarly, a necklace is an arrangement/collection of beads. Both represent organized collections of their respective elements.

A traitor is someone who lacks loyalty (opposite). Similarly, a liar is someone who lacks truthfulness (opposite). Both pairs represent a virtue and the person characterized by its opposite.

Island is surrounded by water. Similarly, oasis is surrounded by desert.

Editor works for newspaper (profession:workplace/medium). Lecturer:university, teacher:school, nurse:hospital all follow this. Architect:design breaks the pattern - design is what an architect creates, not where they work (it should be architect:firm or construction site).

Amplify argument, redouble efforts, maximise profits, enhance power all represent making something stronger/better. Exacerbate sales breaks the pattern - exacerbate means to make a negative situation worse, but sales are neutral or positive to increase. The relationship is semantically inconsistent.

The pattern is object:sound (birds-chirp, paper-crinkle, silk-rustle). Aeroplane:drone fits this (aircraft make droning sounds). Elephant:tusk breaks the pattern - tusk is a body part, not a sound.

Here, both the given word are synonyms.

Handcuffs constrain a prisoner and leash constrains a dog.