Biology ยท General Awareness
Vaccination and Immunity
997 Questions
This hub presents questions focused on vaccination and human immunity. It covers essential topics such as herd immunity, non-specific immunity, antigens, and historical vaccine developments. These concepts are crucial for general science sections in medical and civil service exams.
Herd immunity functionsNon-specific immunitySmallpox vaccinationInterferon proteinsAntigen propertiesImmunological amnesia
Vaccination and Immunity Questions
What is the process of using microorganisms to produce vaccines called?
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Vaccination
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Immunization
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Attenuation
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Inactivation
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Vaccination is the process of using microorganisms, such as attenuated or inactivated viruses or bacteria, to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against a specific disease. This process helps to protect individuals from future infections.
Which global health initiative aims to improve access to vaccines for children in developing countries?
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Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance
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The Global Polio Eradication Initiative
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Every Woman Every Child
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The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance is a global health partnership that aims to improve access to vaccines for children in developing countries. It was established in 2000 and has since helped to immunize over 760 million children.
Which type of immune response is responsible for long-term protection against infection?
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Innate immunity
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Adaptive immunity
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Humoral immunity
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Cell-mediated immunity
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Adaptive immunity is a type of immune response that is specific to a particular pathogen. It is responsible for long-term protection against infection.
What is the role of MHC molecules in viral infections?
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To prevent viral infections
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To promote viral infections
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To regulate the immune response to viral infections
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To trigger viral infections
C
Correct answer
Explanation
MHC molecules play a crucial role in regulating the immune response to viral infections by presenting viral antigens to immune cells, enabling the immune system to recognize and target the virus.
What are some of the recent advances in veterinary epidemiology?
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The development of new methods for collecting and analyzing data on animal diseases
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The development of new vaccines and treatments for animal diseases
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The development of new strategies for preventing and controlling animal diseases
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All of the above
D
Correct answer
Explanation
Recent advances in veterinary epidemiology include the development of new methods for collecting and analyzing data on animal diseases, the development of new vaccines and treatments for animal diseases, and the development of new strategies for preventing and controlling animal diseases.
What is the term used to describe the ability of a pathogen to evade or suppress the host's immune response?
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Immunosuppression
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Immunoevasion
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Immunodeficiency
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Immune tolerance
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Immunoevasion refers to the strategies employed by pathogens to escape or counteract the host's immune defenses, allowing them to persist and cause infection.
Which vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella?
A
Correct answer
Explanation
The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella. It is typically given in two doses, the first at 12 months of age and the second at 4-6 years of age.
Which vaccine protects against rotavirus?
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Rotavirus
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DTaP
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Hib
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Hepatitis B
A
Correct answer
Explanation
The rotavirus vaccine protects against rotavirus, a common cause of diarrhea in infants and young children. It is typically given in two or three doses, depending on the brand of vaccine.
Which vaccine protects against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)?
A
Correct answer
Explanation
The Hib vaccine protects against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a bacterium that can cause serious infections such as meningitis and pneumonia. It is typically given in three or four doses, starting at 2 months of age.
Which vaccine protects against chickenpox?
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Varicella
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DTaP
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Hib
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Hepatitis B
A
Correct answer
Explanation
The varicella vaccine protects against chickenpox. It is typically given in two doses, the first at 12-15 months of age and the second at 4-6 years of age.
Which vaccine protects against hepatitis A?
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Hepatitis A
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DTaP
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Hib
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Hepatitis B
A
Correct answer
Explanation
The hepatitis A vaccine protects against hepatitis A, a liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus. It is typically given in two doses, the first at 12-23 months of age and the second at 6-18 months later.
Which vaccine protects against influenza?
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Influenza
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DTaP
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Hib
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Hepatitis B
A
Correct answer
Explanation
The influenza vaccine protects against influenza, a respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus. It is typically given annually, starting at 6 months of age.
Which vaccine protects against yellow fever?
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Yellow fever
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DTaP
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Hib
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Hepatitis B
A
Correct answer
Explanation
The yellow fever vaccine protects against yellow fever, a mosquito-borne viral infection. It is typically given to individuals traveling to areas where yellow fever is common.
Which disease was the first to be eradicated through vaccination?
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Smallpox
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Polio
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Measles
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Tetanus
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Smallpox was the first disease to be eradicated through vaccination. The smallpox vaccine was developed by Edward Jenner in the late 18th century.
Which of the following is NOT a type of vaccine?
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Live attenuated vaccine
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Inactivated vaccine
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Toxoid vaccine
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Subunit vaccine
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Toxoid vaccines are not typically considered to be vaccines, as they do not contain live or inactivated microorganisms.