Biology ยท General Awareness

Vaccination and Immunity

965 Questions

This hub presents questions focused on vaccination and human immunity. It covers essential topics such as herd immunity, non-specific immunity, antigens, and historical vaccine developments. These concepts are crucial for general science sections in medical and civil service exams.

Herd immunity functionsNon-specific immunitySmallpox vaccinationInterferon proteinsAntigen propertiesImmunological amnesia

Vaccination and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice

Which type of immunotherapy involves the use of antibodies to target cancer cells?

  1. Immune checkpoint blockade

  2. Cytokine therapy

  3. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)

  4. Cancer vaccines
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are composed of antibodies that are linked to cytotoxic drugs. When the antibody binds to a specific antigen on a cancer cell, it delivers the drug directly to the cancer cell, leading to its destruction.

Multiple choice

Which type of immunotherapy is commonly used to treat hematologic malignancies such as leukemia and lymphoma?

  1. Immune checkpoint blockade

  2. Cytokine therapy

  3. Adoptive cell therapy

  4. Cancer vaccines
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Adoptive cell therapy, particularly CAR T-cell therapy, has shown promising results in treating hematologic malignancies by genetically modifying a patient's own T cells to target and eliminate cancer cells.

Multiple choice

Which type of immune response is responsible for recognizing and attacking specific pathogens?

  1. Humoral immune response

  2. Cell-mediated immune response

  3. Innate immune response

  4. Adaptive immune response
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The adaptive immune response is responsible for recognizing and attacking specific pathogens through the production of antibodies and the activation of T cells.

Multiple choice

What is the role of antibodies in the immune response?

  1. To destroy infected cells

  2. To activate complement proteins

  3. To neutralize toxins and pathogens

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Antibodies play multiple roles in the immune response, including neutralizing toxins and pathogens, activating complement proteins, and destroying infected cells.

Multiple choice

What is the role of memory B cells in the immune response?

  1. Producing antibodies

  2. Killing infected cells

  3. Releasing cytokines

  4. Providing long-term immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Memory B cells are long-lived B cells that remain in the body after an infection or vaccination, providing long-term immunity by rapidly producing antibodies upon re-exposure to the same antigen.

Multiple choice

What is the role of B cells in vaccine development?

  1. Producing antibodies against pathogens

  2. Killing infected cells

  3. Releasing cytokines

  4. Activating macrophages
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

B cells play a crucial role in vaccine development by producing antibodies against specific pathogens, providing protection against future infections.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a common childhood immunization?

  1. Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)

  2. Polio

  3. Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (DTaP)

  4. Chickenpox
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Chickenpox is not a common childhood immunization, as it is typically a mild illness that does not require vaccination.

Multiple choice

Which type of immune tolerance is responsible for preventing the immune system from attacking foreign antigens that are presented in a non-inflammatory context?

  1. Central tolerance

  2. Peripheral tolerance

  3. Natural tolerance

  4. Acquired tolerance
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Peripheral tolerance is the type of immune tolerance that is responsible for preventing the immune system from attacking foreign antigens that are presented in a non-inflammatory context. This process occurs in the periphery, where mature T cells are exposed to foreign antigens. T cells that react to foreign antigens in a non-inflammatory context are deleted, while T cells that do not react to foreign antigens are allowed to survive.

Multiple choice

Which type of immune tolerance is responsible for preventing the immune system from attacking commensal bacteria in the gut?

  1. Central tolerance

  2. Peripheral tolerance

  3. Natural tolerance

  4. Acquired tolerance
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Natural tolerance is the type of immune tolerance that is responsible for preventing the immune system from attacking commensal bacteria in the gut. This process is mediated by regulatory T cells, which suppress the immune response to commensal bacteria.

Multiple choice

Which type of immune tolerance is responsible for preventing the immune system from attacking food antigens?

  1. Central tolerance

  2. Peripheral tolerance

  3. Natural tolerance

  4. Acquired tolerance
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Acquired tolerance is the type of immune tolerance that is responsible for preventing the immune system from attacking food antigens. This process is mediated by regulatory T cells, which suppress the immune response to food antigens.

Multiple choice

What is the role of dendritic cells in immune tolerance?

  1. To present self-antigens to T cells

  2. To present foreign antigens to T cells

  3. To suppress the immune response to self-antigens

  4. To suppress the immune response to foreign antigens
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Dendritic cells play a critical role in immune tolerance by presenting self-antigens to T cells in the thymus. This allows T cells to learn to distinguish between self and non-self.

Multiple choice

What was the name of the vaccine developed by India for COVID-19?

  1. Covaxin

  2. Covishield

  3. Sputnik V

  4. Pfizer-BioNTech
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Covaxin is the vaccine developed by India for COVID-19.

Multiple choice

Which vaccine is recommended for toddlers at 12-15 months of age?

  1. MMR

  2. DTaP

  3. Hib

  4. Hepatitis A
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella. It is recommended for toddlers at 12-15 months of age.

Multiple choice

How many doses of the Hib vaccine are recommended for toddlers?

  1. 1

  2. 2

  3. 3

  4. 4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Three doses of the Hib vaccine are recommended for toddlers. The first dose is given at 2 months of age, the second dose at 4 months of age, and the third dose at 6 months of age.

Multiple choice

Which vaccine is recommended for toddlers at 18 months of age?

  1. MMR

  2. DTaP

  3. Hib

  4. Hepatitis A
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The DTaP vaccine is recommended for toddlers at 18 months of age. It is a booster dose that protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough).