US Law and Government

Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction was known as the Ten Percent Plan, which allowed Southern states to rejoin the Union once 10 percent of their 1860 voters took an oath of allegiance.

Following the attack on Fort Sumter and Lincoln's call for 75,000 volunteers, the upper South states of Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas seceded from the Union.

The Emancipation Act provided for the apprenticeship system and compensation for planters, but it did not grant complete freedom to females under 16; rather, it primarily focused on children under six being freed immediately.

Susan B. Anthony was arrested and tried for voting in the 1872 presidential election, arguing that the 14th Amendment already granted women the right to vote. She was convicted and fined, though she famously refused to pay.

Black codes in many Southern states restricted African Americans from owning or renting land to force them into labor contracts, particularly sharecropping. While other restrictions existed, completely banning them from buying any material goods or practicing faith were not standard provisions of these codes.

The Extradition Clause in Article IV, Section 2, Clause 2 of the Constitution requires that a person charged with a crime who flees to another state must be returned to the state where the crime was committed to face justice.

The Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV, Section 2 prevents states from discriminating against out-of-state citizens regarding fundamental rights, which includes the right to pursue peaceful employment and conduct business without unjustified discrimination.

The 24th Amendment, proposed in 1962 and ratified in 1964, prohibited both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark piece of legislation that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, and specifically ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination.

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibited racial discrimination in voting, outlawing literacy tests and other discriminatory practices.

In Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal." This ruling was later overturned by Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.

The landmark Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) declared that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional. The Court ruled that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal," overturning the Plessy v. Ferguson decision.

The Bureau of Indian Affairs is a federal agency within the United States Department of the Interior, meaning it is run by the U.S. government.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin and ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace, and by facilities that served the general public.