Transportation Systems and Sustainability

Correct option is (3).

Himasagar Express connects Jammu Tawi in the north to Kanyakumari in the south, making it one of India's longest train routes. The train travels approximately 3,700 km across multiple states. The name combines Himalaya and sagar (ocean), symbolizing the journey from mountains to sea.

Kolkata was the first Indian city to have a Metro Rail (1984). Delhi became the second city when its metro operations began in December 2002.

The Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW) in Varanasi is the primary production unit of the Indian Railways that manufactures diesel-electric locomotives and spare parts.

The Integral Coach Factory (ICF) located in Perambur, Chennai, is the primary production unit for passenger coaches in India. While Varanasi focuses on locomotives and Yelahanka on wheels and axles, Perambur is famous for the 'integral' design of coaches. It is one of the oldest and most productive coach manufacturing units in the world.

The Railway Staff College, now known as the National Academy of Indian Railways (NAIR), is located in Vadodara, Gujarat. It is the apex training institute for the officers of all departments of the Indian Railways. It is housed in the beautiful Pratap Vilas Palace.

The Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW) in Varanasi, now known as Banaras Locomotive Works (BLW), is the primary unit for manufacturing diesel-electric locomotives. While Chittaranjan manufactures electric locomotives, Varanasi has historically been the hub for diesel power. It has recently transitioned to producing electric locomotives as well.

The Railway Staff College, now renamed the National Academy of Indian Railways (NAIR), is located in Vadodara, Gujarat. It serves as the apex training institute for the officers of all departments of the Indian Railways.

The Northern Railway zone, headquartered in New Delhi, has the largest route kilometrage among all the railway zones in India. It covers a vast area including several northern states and union territories.

The Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW) is located in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Founded in 1961, it is one of the largest diesel-electric locomotive manufacturers in the world. It has since transitioned to producing electric locomotives as well, now known as Banaras Locomotive Works.

Chittaranjan Locomotive Works is a major manufacturing unit of Indian Railways, located in the town of Chittaranjan in West Bengal, India. It is primarily known for producing electric locomotives.

Road transport accounts for the vast majority of passenger and freight movement in India, with estimates consistently placing it around 80 percent of the total transport share.