Physics

Thermal Properties of Matter

274 Questions

Thermal properties of matter examine how substances react to heat, covering concepts like temperature, specific heat, and phase changes. This topic is regularly tested in the physics and general science sections of competitive exams. Use this collection to solve numericals on heat transfer, thermal equilibrium, and melting points.

Heat transfer and mixingMelting and freezing pointsThermal expansion and densityTriple point of waterCarnot cycle applications

Thermal Properties of Matter Questions

Multiple choice chemistry matter around us measurement of properties effect of temperature and pressure on states of matter general introduction: importance and scope of chemistry

If the temperature of a water bath is $104^{0}\ F$ then its value in degree Celsius scale will be?

  1. $35^{0}C$
  2. $45^{0}C$
  3. $50^{0}C$
  4. $40^{0}C$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Conversion from Fahrenheit to Celsius



$(T\ °F − 32) \times \dfrac{5}{9} = t\ °C$

Substituting it, we get,

$(104\ °F − 32) \times \dfrac{5}{9} = 40\ °C$


Hence, the correct option is $D$

Multiple choice chemistry matter around us measurement of properties effect of temperature and pressure on states of matter general introduction: importance and scope of chemistry

Thermometer $(A) & (B)$ have ice points marked at $15^oC & 25^oC$ and steam points at $75^oC & 125^oC$ respectively. When thermometer A measures the temperrature of a bath as $60^oC$ the reading of B for the same bath is :-

  1. $60^oC$
  2. $75^oC$
  3. $90^oC$
  4. $100^oC$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Multiple choice chemistry matter around us measurement of properties effect of temperature and pressure on states of matter general introduction: importance and scope of chemistry

What is the temperature of water in kelvin if the water is at $44^{\circ}C$ ?

  1. 330

  2. 317

  3. 229

  4. 230
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Temperature in$ K$ = Temperature in $^{\circ}C + 273$


                                     = $44^{\circ}C + 273$

                                    = $317 K$.

So, the correct option is $B$

Multiple choice chemistry matter around us measurement of properties effect of temperature and pressure on states of matter general introduction: importance and scope of chemistry

Select the correct statement(s):

  1. The celsius scale is the fundamental unit of the temperature scale.
  2. Kelvin scale defined as $273.16$ of the triple point (equilibrium among the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases) of pure water.
  3. It is defined as $\frac{ 1 }{ 273.16}$ of the triple point (equilibrium among the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases) of pure water.

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Options A and B are incorrect. The Kelvin scale is the fundamental unit of the Temperature scale. It is defined as $\frac{ 1 }{ 273.16 }$ of the triple point (equilibrium among the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases) of pure water. Hence, option C is correct.

Multiple choice chemistry matter around us measurement of properties effect of temperature and pressure on states of matter general introduction: importance and scope of chemistry

The boiling point of water on the Kelvin scale is:

  1. $373.15 K$
  2. $273.15 K$
  3. $373 K$
  4. $374.15 K$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the liquid changes into a vapor.
Boiling point of water is $100^0C$

To convert kelvin scale, we have to add 273.15 to $^0C$ scale value
So,
$100^0C=100+273.15=373.15K$

Hence, option $A$ is correct.

Multiple choice

At what temperature does water freeze?

  1. -2∘C

  2. 1∘C

  3. -1∘C

  4. 0∘C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Pure water freezes into ice at 0 degrees Celsius (0 degrees C) under standard atmospheric pressure. This is also the temperature at which ice melts back into liquid water.

Multiple choice

What is the boiling point of water?

  1. 101∘C

  2. 100∘C

  3. 98∘C

  4. 121∘C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Under standard atmospheric pressure, pure water boils and turns into steam at exactly 100 degrees Celsius (100 degrees C).

Multiple choice physics temperature and heat modes of heat transfer - conduction conduction heat and modes of heat transfer

Heat required to convert one gram of ice at $0^{ _-^0}C$ into steam at $100^{ _-^0}C$ is (given $L _{steam}$ = 536 cal/gm)-

  1. 100 calorie

  2. 0.01 kilocalorie

  3. 716 calorie

  4. 1 kilocaorie
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Heat = (m * L_fusion) + (m * c_water * dT) + (m * L_vaporization). For 1g: (1 * 80) + (1 * 1 * 100) + (1 * 536) = 80 + 100 + 536 = 716 calories.

Multiple choice physics temperature and heat modes of heat transfer - conduction conduction heat and modes of heat transfer

In the Arctic region hemispherical houses called Igloos are made of ice. It is possible to maintain a temperature inside an Igloo as high as $20^o$C because.

  1. Ice has high thermal conductivity

  2. Ice has low thermal conductivity

  3. Ice has high specific heat

  4. Ice has higher density than water
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

ice is good at trapping heat. It is a  good insulator and low thermal conductivity .

Multiple choice physics temperature and heat modes of heat transfer - conduction conduction heat and modes of heat transfer

The number of quanta of radiation of frequency $4.98 \times {10^{14}}{s^{ - 1}}$ required to melt 100 g of ice are (latent heat of melting of ice is 33 joule per g):

  1. ${10^{20}}$
  2. ${10^{22}}$
  3. ${10^{24}}$
  4. $6.023 \times {10^{21}}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

$1g$ requires $33J$. So, $100g$ will require $3300J$ heat.

Total quanta, 
E=hv
$=6.62\times { 10 }^{ -34 }\times 4.98\times { 10 }^{ 14 }\ =32.97\times { 10 }^{ -20 }$
$100g$ of ice will require=$\dfrac { 3300 }{ 32.97\times { 10 }^{ -20 } } =100.09$
$100$quantal=${ 10 }^{ 22 }J$

Multiple choice chemistry matter in our surroundings diffusion in different states of matter properties of solids, liquid, and gas particle theory of matter

As the water heats up from 280 K to 310 K, the average kinetic energy of its molecules will:

  1. increase

  2. decrease

  3. stay the same

  4. increase, then decrease

  5. decrease, then increase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

$T$ $\alpha$  $KE$
Higher the temperature higher will be kinetic energy .
Hence, as the water heats up from 280 K to 310 K, the average kinetic energy of the its molecules will increase.