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Textile and Fiber Materials

2,761 Questions

Textile and fiber materials questions cover the properties, sources, and applications of natural and synthetic fabrics. Topics include moisture wicking sportswear, plant fibers, and natural dyes. This subject appears in general science sections of various competitive exams and requires practical material knowledge.

Synthetic fiber propertiesNatural plant fibersFabric draping and materialsNatural dyes in textilesApparel and sportswear materials

Textile and Fiber Materials Questions

Multiple choice dyes dyes and pigments chemistry in daily life applied chemistry chemistry

When a dye is formed on the fiber or cloth by a chemical reaction at the time of dyeing, the process is known as:

  1. synthesis

  2. direct dyeing

  3. vat dyeing

  4. absorption
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Direct Dye is a class of dyestuff's that are applied directly to the substrate in a neutral or alkaline bath. They produce full shades on cotton and linen without mordant and can also be applied to rayon, silk, and wool. Direct dyes give bright shades but exhibit poor wash fastness. Various after treatments are used to improve the wash fastness of direct dyes, and such dyes are referred to as 'after treated direct colors". Direct dyes are molecules that adhere to the fabric molecules without help from other chemicals.

Multiple choice chemistry synthetic fibres and plastics synthetic fibres & their characteristics processing of fibres synthetic fibres and its types

Synthetic fibres are obtained by :

  1. chemical processing of petrochemicals

  2. chemical processing of natural fibres

  3. manual processing of petrochemicals

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The compounds that are used to make synthetic fibres come from raw materials such as petroleum-based chemicals or petrochemicals. 


These materials are polymerized into a long, linear chemical that bond two adjacent carbon atoms. 

Differing chemical compounds will be used to produce different types of fibers.

Hence the correct option is A.

Multiple choice chemistry synthetic fibres and plastics synthetic fibres & their characteristics processing of fibres synthetic fibres and its types

Synthetic fibres are better than natural fibres because :

  1. they are man made

  2. they are cheaper

  3. they are eco friendly

  4. their length can be controlled
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Synthetic fibres are cheaper than natural fibres. The synthetic fibers are cheap because they are built from cheap raw materials and produced very efficiently; for example, nylon and polyester are mostly built from oil by-products and are efficiently produced in huge amounts. 

Multiple choice chemistry synthetic fibres and plastics synthetic fibres & their characteristics processing of fibres synthetic fibres and its types

Explain why synthetic fibers are cheaper than natural fibers?

  1. It is easy to prepare

  2. It is prepared by chemicals which are easily available.

  3. Natural fibers are obtain in less quantity.

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Synthetic fibers are prepared by chemicals, this chemicals are available in cheap prize so that synthetic fibers can be produced in large quantity. Natural fibers are obtain from the natural sources which are present in the limited quantity.

Multiple choice chemistry synthetic fibres and plastics synthetic fibres & their characteristics processing of fibres synthetic fibres and its types

Which of the following synthetic fiber is used in aerospace?

  1. Nylon

  2. Aramid

  3. Acrylic

  4. All of above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Aramid fibers are a class of heat-resistant and strong synthetic fibers. They are used in aerospace and military applications, for ballistic-rated body armor fabric and ballistic composites, in bicycle tires, and as an asbestos substitute. 

Multiple choice chemistry synthetic fibres and plastics synthetic fibres & their characteristics processing of fibres synthetic fibres and its types

What cloth should you wear while cooking in the kitchen?

  1. Rayon

  2. Cotton

  3. Polyester

  4. Polycot
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Synthetic fibers such as rayon, polyester melt on heating. Therefore it is not safe while cooking. It the clothes catch fire it can be disastrous. Cotton cloth is best and safe to wear in such conditions.

Multiple choice chemistry synthetic fibres and plastics synthetic fibres & their characteristics processing of fibres synthetic fibres and its types

Why is it not advisable to wear synthetic clothes while bursting fire crackers?

(i) All synthetic fibres are prepared by using raw materials of petroleum origin.
(ii) Synthetic fibres catch fire easily.

(iii) On heating, synthetic fibres melt and stick to the body of the person wearing it.

  1. (i) only

  2. (ii) only

  3. (i) and (iii)

  4. (ii) and (iii)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Option (D) is correct as;  Synthetic fibres catch fire easily and on heating synthetic fibres melt and stick to the body of the person wearing it.

Multiple choice chemistry synthetic fibres and plastics synthetic fibres & their characteristics processing of fibres synthetic fibres and its types

Which among the following does not belong to synthetic fibres?

  1. Jute

  2. Nylon

  3. Rayon

  4. Teflon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

 Jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable fibre that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. It is produced from plants in the genus Corchorus, family Malvaceae. 

Jute is one of the cheapest natural fibers, and is second only to cotton in amount produced and variety of uses. Jute fibres are composed primarily of the plant materials, cellulose (major component of plant fibre) and lignin (major components wood fibre). It is thus a ligno-cellulosic fibre that is partially a textile fibre and partially wood. It falls into the bast fibre category (fibre collected from bast or skin of the plant) along with Kenaf, Industrial Hemp, Flax (Linen), Ramie, etc. 

Others belong to the class of Synthetic polymers as they are produced artificially by chemicals.

Multiple choice chemistry synthetic fibres and plastics synthetic fibres & their characteristics processing of fibres synthetic fibres and its types

_______ are manufactured from a mixture of two or more different type of fibers.

  1. Stalk fibers

  2. Blended fibers

  3. Vinyon

  4. Elastoester
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Blended fibers are manufactured from a mixture of two or more different type of fibers. Mixing fibers allows manufactures to form new textile yarns with distinct advantages. Each fiber retains its separate set of physical and aesthetic characteristics inherent in its design but the fabric acquires new characteristics depending on the type and percent of fibers used. Blends utilize the advantages of all the fibers to counteract the disadvantages of a single fiber. Synthetic fibers can be blended with natural fibers to create a material that is stronger, but more comfortable.

Multiple choice chemistry synthetic fibres and plastics synthetic fibres & their characteristics processing of fibres synthetic fibres and its types

Synthetic fibers are made by :

  1. condensation

  2. hydrolysis

  3. polymerization

  4. none of above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Synthetic fabrics are textiles made from man-made rather than natural fibers. Synthetic (chemically produced) fibres are made by joining monomers into polymers, through a process called polymerization. A synthetic fibre, when magnified, looks like plastic spun together. Polymerization is the formation of macromolecules through repetition of basic units. Initially, the various components are solids and first must be converted to a liquid state to be extruded into fibers. The materials are chemically converted, dissolved, or melted, turning into a thick liquid.

Multiple choice chemistry synthetic fibres and plastics synthetic fibres & their characteristics processing of fibres synthetic fibres and its types

Which of the following is a disadvantage of synthetic fibre?

  1. melt before burning

  2. repel moisture

  3. clothes are garishly lustrous

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Clothes made of pure synthetic fibres are garishly lustrous. Synthetic fibres melt before burning. So clothes made of such fibres stick to the skin when in contact with a flame, causing burns. Therefore, they should not be worn in the kitchen or while setting off fireworks. 

Synthetic fibres are generally hydrophobic, i.e., they repel moisture (e.g., sweat) and do not absorb it. They do not allow enough circulation of air either. So clothes made of synthetic fibres are not comfortable to wear as they do not allow sweat to evaporate easily. 

Multiple choice chemistry synthetic fibres and plastics synthetic fibres & their characteristics processing of fibres synthetic fibres and its types

Cellulose dissolved in a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and carbon disulphide produces :

  1. Viscose

  2. Rayon

  3. Polyamide

  4. Polyester
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cellulose (say, cotton) is dissolved in a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and carbon disulphide ($CS _2$, a solvent). A viscous liquid (i.e., a liquid which cannot flow freely) called viscose is obtained. The viscose is then forced through spinnerets (which have small holes) into an acid bath, and filaments of viscose rayon are obtained.