Temperature Concepts

Let $M, T, W, Th$ be the temperatures. $M+T+W = 111$ and $T+W+Th = 102$. Subtracting gives $M - Th = 9$. Since $Th = 4/5 M$, we have $M - 4/5 M = 9 \implies M/5 = 9 \implies M = 45$. Thus, $Th = 4/5 \times 45 = 36$ degrees.

Absolute zero is zero degrees Kelvin (C), which equals -273.15°C or -459.67°F. It is the lowest theoretically possible temperature where all thermal motion ceases.

The Celsius and Fahrenheit temperature scales intersect at exactly -40 degrees, meaning -40°C = -40°F. This can be verified using the conversion formula F = (9/5)C + 32. At -273° (absolute zero), the readings are very different.

98.6°F (37°C) is the widely accepted normal human body temperature, established by Carl Wunderlich in the 19th century. While recent studies suggest it may be slightly lower, 98.6°F remains the standard medical reference. 99°F and 100.1°F indicate fever, while 97.5°F is below normal.

The lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth, -89.2°C (-128.6°F), was measured at Vostok Station in Antarctica on July 21, 1983. Vostok Station is a Russian research facility located near the geomagnetic South Pole at an elevation of 3,488 meters, which contributes to its extreme cold temperatures.

The Sun's surface temperature (photosphere) is approximately 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit (about 5,500 degrees Celsius or 5,800 Kelvin). This is the temperature of the visible surface we see. The core is much hotter (~27 million°F), and the corona exceeds 1 million°F.

The tip of a lit cigarette reaches approximately 700°C during active smoking. This extreme temperature (much higher than the 100-480°C range) explains why cigarettes can ignite fabrics and cause severe burns.

-40 degrees is the only temperature where Celsius and Fahrenheit scales intersect (C = F). At this point, -40C = -40F. The freezing point is 0C = 32F, and -273C is absolute zero.

Absolute zero (0 Kelvin or -273.15°C) is the lowest possible temperature where all thermal motion ceases. It is a fundamental concept in thermodynamics and represents the baseline of the Kelvin temperature scale.

'Twice as hot' means doubling the absolute temperature. 10°C = 283K. Doubling gives 566K, which is 566 - 273 = 293°C. Note: option C has a typo (degree symbol should be °, not superscript °, but the value 293°C is correct).

According to NASA and IPCC data, the global average surface temperature has increased by approximately 0.7°C over the last century. This is scientifically measured data from weather stations and satellites worldwide. A 3°C, 7°C or 15°C increase would represent catastrophic climate change scenarios.

Normal human body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F), so 36.9°C is within the normal range and the closest correct option. 81.1°C is impossibly high. 98.6°C would be fatal boiling point. 21.7°C is room temperature, far below normal body temperature.

Normal human body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F), so 36.9°C is within the normal range and the closest correct option. 81.1°C is impossibly high. 98.6°C would be fatal boiling point. 21.7°C is room temperature, far below normal body temperature.

The Celsius and Fahrenheit scales intersect at -40 degrees, where both scales show the same numerical value. Using the conversion formula F = (9/5)C + 32, substituting -40 for C gives -40 for F as well.