Temperature Concepts

Both a and b

Temperature is an objective comparative measurement of hot or cold. It is measured by a thermometer. Several scales and units exist for measuring temperature, the most common being Celsius (denoted $^{\circ}C$ and formerly called centigrade), Fahrenheit (denoted $^{\circ}F$).

Temperature is a fundamental quantity, so it can not be expressed as a derived quantity in terms of length, mass and time.So the correct option is (D).

In the troposphere, temperatures decrease by an average of 6.5 degrees Celsius per one thousand meters, which works out to about 3.5 degrees Fahrenheit per thousand feet.

A continuous variable can take any value within a given range, including decimals. Temperature can be measured to arbitrary precision, making it a continuous variable.

Poultry farming is the method of rearing and maintaining poultry birds. In poultry farm, there is two type of birds called as broilers and layers. Layers are the egg laying birds with low meat content. Broilers are the birds reared for the meat. For the development of chicken, layers incubate their eggs at a specific temperature. The recommended temperature is 102$^o$ Fahrenheit (38.9$^o$C). 

Active absorption requires input of energy, which is obtained from cellular respiration. Respiration is an enzymatic process and is inhibited at extreme temperatures. Hence, the optimum temperature for active absorption is twenty to thirty five degree celsius.

Temperature about 30°C favours water absorption. At higher tem­peratures water absorption is decreased. Also, low temperature decreases the permeability of the cell membrane. Metabolic activities of the root cells are decreased below the optimum temperature. 

So the correct answer is '25°C - 35°C'.

$t _x = 3 T + 300                 Q = ms \Delta 0$
$\Delta t _x = 3 \Delta T$
$\displaystyle S = \frac{Q}{m \Delta \theta}                 S = \frac{Q}{m \Delta \theta}$
Since, unit of 8 is joule in both system
            X                                    T
$m = m _0 kg$                   $m _0 kg$
$Q = Q _0 J$                       $Q _0  J$
$\Delta t _x$                               $\Delta T$
$S _x = \displaystyle \frac{Q _0}{m _0 \Delta t _x} = 1400     S _r = \frac{Q _0}{m _0 \Delta T} = \frac{3 Q}{m _0 \Delta t _x}$
$S _r = 3 \times 1400 = 4200 J-kg^{-1} K^{-1}$

Absolute temperature in Celsius is $-273.15{{\,}^{o}}C$

$ F=\dfrac{9}{5}C+32 $

$ F=\dfrac{9}{5}\times (-273.15)+32=-459.67{{\,}^{o}}F $

$ F\cong -460{{\,}^{o}}F $

Hence, absolute temperature in Fahrenheit

The temperature at the core of the Sun is estimated to be approximately 15 million degrees Kelvin.

On the Fahrenheit scale, water boils at 212 degrees F at standard atmospheric pressure.

It is found that there is a balance of incoming solar radiation and the amount of terrestrial radiation returned to space. The balance of incoming and outgoing radiation is termed as heat balance. so, heat balance is the average balance between incoming and outgoing radiation. 

The average temperature of a month is the average of the maximum and minimum temperatures of that month. Atmospheric temperature is a measure of temperature at different levels of the Earth's atmosphere. It is governed by many factors, including incoming solar radiation, humidity, and altitude.