States of Matter

Water has a very high surface tension compared to most other liquids due to the strong hydrogen bonding between its molecules.

Hydrophilic substances are water-loving and dissolve readily in water, whereas hydrophobic substances are water-fearing and do not dissolve well.

Fats are nonpolar molecules and are hydrophobic, meaning they do not dissolve in water. Acids, alcohols, and salts are generally polar or ionic and are soluble in water.

Electrolysis is the process of using direct electric current to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction, such as splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen.

In the gaseous state, water molecules have the highest kinetic energy and move rapidly and randomly, far apart from each other.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

At standard atmospheric pressure, water exists as a liquid between its freezing point (0 degrees Celsius) and its boiling point (100 degrees Celsius).

Cohesion is the attraction of molecules of the same substance to each other, such as water molecules sticking to other water molecules via hydrogen bonds.

Hard water contains dissolved calcium and magnesium ions that react with soap to form an insoluble precipitate known as scum. This prevents the soap from forming a lather, thereby reducing its cleaning effectiveness.

Water is amphoteric because it can act as both an acid (donating a proton) and a base (accepting a proton) depending on the chemical environment. This is evidenced by its ability to self-ionize into hydronium and hydroxide ions.

Hydrophilic substances are water-loving and dissolve well in water, while hydrophobic substances are water-fearing and do not mix or dissolve well in water. These terms describe the affinity of a substance for water molecules.

This option is correct because when plaster of Paris is heated above 200⁰C, it loses the water molecules and is converted in to anhydrous salts, called dead burnt.

If you live in a place that has lots of snow and ice in the winter, you have probably seen the highway department spreading salt on the road to melt the ice. You may have also used salt on ice when making home-made ice cream. Salt lowers the freezing/melting point of water, so in both cases the idea is to take advantage of the lower melting point. Ice forms when the temperature of water reaches 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees Celsius). When you add salt, that temperature drops: A 10-percent salt solution freezes at 20؛F (-6؛C), and a 20-percent solution freezes at 2؛F (-16؛C). On a roadway, this means that if you sprinkle salt on the ice, you can melt it. The salt dissolves into the liquid water in the ice and lowers its freezing point.

A substance with a definite shape and definite volume is called solid.