Space Exploration and Astronomy

NASA is a government agency, so its publications are considered official publications. These are authoritative sources of data.

LANDSAT 1 through $3$ operated in a near-polar orbit at an altitude of $920 km$ with an $18-day$ repeat coverage cycle. These satellites circled the earth every 103 min completing $14$ orbits a day

Communication satellites are also referred as Polar satellites. Polar satellites are those satellites that passes above or nearly above both the poles of the body orbited on each revolution and hence it has very close inclination of 90 degree's to the body's equator.

• Biosphere 2 is an American Earth system science research facility located in Oracle, Arizona at the base of the Santa Catalina Mountains.
• Its mission is to serve as a center for research, outreach, teaching, and lifelong learning about Earth, its living systems, and its place in the universe.
  
• It is a glass dome covering an area of 3.5 acres with 4000 representatives of most ecosystems and eight human beings in order to prepare a prototype of the space colony. 
• So, the correct answer is 'Biosphere 2'.

SUNRISE (Sun Radio Interferometer Space Experiment) is a NASA mission designed to study how the Sun generates giant solar particle storms, which can impact technology on Earth.

Sputnik was significant for the United States because it represented an escalation of the space race with the Soviet Union.

The Soviet space mission Sputnik 2 carried a stray dog named Laika into orbit in 1957.

Neil Armstrong was the first person to step on the moon, and Buzz Aldrin was the second person to do so.

Neil Armstrong famously stepped onto the lunar surface with his left foot first, as documented by the Apollo 11 mission footage.

Asteroids are rocky, airless remnants left over from the early formation of our solar system, typically found in the asteroid belt.

Missionaries are individuals sent by a religious organization to spread their faith or perform charitable work in other regions. This is the standard term for such religious representatives.

Neil Armstrong carried a piece of wood from the original 1903 Wright Flyer during the Apollo 11 mission to the moon. This was a tribute to the pioneers of flight.

Valentina Tereshkova, a Soviet cosmonaut, became the first woman to fly in space in 1963. She orbited the Earth 48 times during her mission aboard Vostok 6.

Rockets have been used in various forms since ancient times, notably by the Chinese for fireworks and signaling.