Social and Political Movements

Women's contributions to the workforce and the war effort during World War I were instrumental in building the political momentum necessary to pass the 19th Amendment, which granted women the right to vote.

Former Confederates generally opposed the social and political changes of Reconstruction, such as the Freedmen's Bureau and the 14th Amendment. They supported laws like Black Codes and Jim Crow to maintain white supremacy and social control over formerly enslaved people.

The Freedmen's Bureau was established to assist formerly enslaved people and poor whites in the South. Its primary successes were in providing food, medical care, and establishing schools for education.

While Reconstruction aimed to integrate freedmen into society, it ultimately failed to secure long-term rights due to the rise of Jim Crow laws, white supremacist violence, and the end of federal oversight.

The Freedmen's Bureau was established by Congress in 1865 to assist formerly enslaved people and poor whites in the South by providing food, housing, medical aid, and education.

A scalawag was a derogatory term used by white Southern Democrats to describe white Southerners who supported Reconstruction policies and the Republican Party.

The Socialist International established the day to promote the cause of women's rights, specifically the movement for universal suffrage.

The Socialist Party of America designated the first National Woman's Day in 1909 to honor the 1908 garment workers' strike in New York, where women protested against poor working conditions.

Bloody Sunday refers to the March 7, 1965, event where peaceful marchers were attacked by state troopers in Selma, Alabama. This event helped galvanize support for the Voting Rights Act.

Freedom Summer was a 1964 voter registration project in Mississippi. It aimed to expand black voting in the South by bringing in volunteers from across the country.

The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) is a long-standing civil rights organization in the United States that has historically fought for the rights of African Americans.

The 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was the location where Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his famous I Have a Dream speech.

Martin Luther King Jr. is widely recognized as the primary leader of the nonviolent civil rights movement in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s.

By breaking the color barrier in Major League Baseball in 1947, Jackie Robinson played a significant role in the integration of professional sports in America.

The Greensboro sit-ins were a series of nonviolent protests in 1960 which led to the Woolworth's department store chain removing its policy of racial segregation in the Southern United States.