Biology and Science Terminology

Meterology is the  branch of science that deals with weather report. The department which collects data on temperature, wind etc. and makes the weather prediction is known as Meteorological Department.

Hydrology is the scientific study of water's movement, distribution, and quality on Earth. It encompasses the water cycle, groundwater, rivers, and water resources. Botany studies plants, and 'clements' appears to be a typo (likely meant 'elements').

Potamology is the scientific study of rivers, including their formation, flow patterns, ecosystems, and sediment transport. Pedology is soil science, petrology is rock study, and pomology is fruit cultivation. The prefix 'potamo-' comes from Greek 'potamos' meaning river.

Trophology is the branch of science that specifically studies nutrition and food science. Mycology studies fungi, phonology studies sound systems in language, and teleology is a philosophical concept about purpose and design in nature.

Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere and atmospheric phenomena, including weather and climate. Astronomy studies celestial bodies, and astrology is a pseudoscience claiming divine influence of stars on human affairs.

Ornithology is the scientific study of birds, including their behavior, physiology, classification, and ecology. The term comes from the Greek words 'ornis' (bird) and 'logia' (study of).

Hagiology is the branch of literature or study dealing with the lives and writings of saints. It comes from the Greek 'hagios' meaning holy and 'logia' meaning study or writing.

The statistical study of human population is called demography.

This is the correct option. Palaeontology studies evidences of the past life, in the form of fossils. Taxonomy is the study of the diversity and kind of organisms and the evolutionary relationships among them. Biogeography is the study of geographical distribution of plants and animals.

Microbiology is the scientific study of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Anatomy studies body structure, bionics applies biological systems to engineering, and ecology studies organism-environment interactions. The prefix 'micro-' indicates small organisms.

Numismatics is the study or collection of coins, medals, paper money, and related objects. Philately is the study of stamps, pedagogy is the study of teaching methods, and lexicography is the study of dictionary-making.

The study of origin and history of words is called etymology.

Odontology is the scientific study of teeth, their structure, development, and diseases. This specialized field of dentistry includes forensic odontology for identification purposes. The other options are different scientific fields - ornithology studies birds, phenology studies periodic biological phenomena, and cosmology studies the universe.

Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere and its phenomena, including weather and climate. Option C is correct. Hydrology studies water, Geology studies earth materials, and Seismology studies earthquakes.