Respiration and Gas Exchange

This is the total lung capacity of a normal man.

It is a condition in which breathing rate decreases below normal.

Skin contains pores through which the exchange of gases takes place.

Alveoli are the structures present in the lungs to increase its surface area. Residual or remaining air remains there.

Respiratory quotient is the ratio of volume of carbon dioxide produced to the volume of oxygen consumed. It varies with different foods used.

Each lung is covered by a pleural membrane externally and turned back on itself to the inside of the thoracic cavity.

Branchial respiration is the respiration which occurs through gills. It mainly occurs in the aquatic animals, such as fishes.

Buccopharyngeal respiration occurs through the mouth, but when pulmonary respiration, i.e. respiration through lungs occurs, buccopharyngeal respiration stops as buccopharyngeal respiration alone fulfills all the needs of energy.

Ciliated epithelium is cuboidal or columnar epithelium bearing several hundred cilia on its free end. It lines the respiratory passage, oviducts, etc.

The right lung is divided into three lobes (superior, middle, and inferior), while the left lung has only two lobes (superior and inferior) to accommodate the heart.

Gills in fish help them to breathe.

In CAM plants like Opuntia, organic acids (malic acid) are decarboxylated at night to release CO2 for the Calvin cycle. Because the CO2 is internally sourced and not consumed from the atmosphere, the net gas exchange results in an RQ of zero.

Respiration is the biological process of breathing, involving the exchange of gases in the body.

The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system where gas exchange occurs.

Breathing consists of two phases: inspiration (inhaling) and expiration (exhaling).