Reading Comprehension

Which of the following best explains why IGF is a ‘multi-stakeholder model'?

Directions: Read the passage given below and answer the following question.

Netheads build, run and protect the internet. They often profit from it too. More than 2,000 of them from more than 100 countries descended on Nairobi this week for the latest Internet Governance Forum (IGF), a conference organised under United Nations auspices. The ponderous official theme was the internet “as a catalyst for change”, with a lot of nodding to WikiLeaks and the Arab spring. The reality outside the conference hall, the UN headquarters in the Kenyan capital, was more striking. Kenyans nowadays often go online on their mobile phones. Surfing the web is getting faster and cheaper by the day. The internet is no longer a geeks' affair in the rich world, but woven into the fabric of business and life even in the poor one.
The IGF is not a typical UN meeting with a carefully staged agenda and much diplomatic protocol. All participants had the same right to take the floor. Government suits had to listen patiently to the complaints of internet activists. And the end of the shindig was not marked by a finely tuned communiqué, but by a workshop dedicated to what the organisers should do better.
All this makes the IGF an unusual grouping. It is in effect a poster child for what insiders like to call the “multi-stakeholder” model. All involved have a say and decisions are taken by “rough consensus”. This approach has worked for the internet so far, but it is increasingly under attack. Governments now want to be given the last word on contentious issues rather than being merely treated as just another stakeholder.

What is/are the role(s) attributed to the media in the passage?

Directions: Read the passage given below and answer the following question.

The term “public figure” covers a relatively large spectrum of people who share the commonality of being widely known. This can range from those who play a recognisably important role in shaping society, such as politicians or CEOs, to celebrities who attract or court media attention; a public figure then could simply be described as a person who is known by a large mass of a given populous. Most public figures will utilise the media to get a message across to the public which helps further an agenda, thus the power public figures wield in shaping public opinions and perceptions is potentially huge. The media, in its role, not only as a broadcaster but also as a watchdog, claims that information about the private lives of such publics figures should be published as it is in the public interest given the power they have. Public figures argue that while investigation into their public work is fine, they still deserve the right to privacy in their private lives extended to everyone else. The debate has recently been given additional importance by the development of Human Rights law within Europe, as privacy is now classed as a right under the European Convention of Human Rights, as well as by political scandals in many countries which have highlighted the need to scrutinise public figures’ behavior much more closely.

The passage refers to ‘government suits’. Who are these 'suits'?

Directions: Read the passage given below and answer the following question.

NETHEADS build, run and protect the internet. They often profit from it too. More than 2,000 of them from more than 100 countries descended on Nairobi this week for the latest Internet Governance Forum (IGF), a conference organised under United Nations auspices. The ponderous official theme was the internet “as a catalyst for change”, with a lot of nodding to WikiLeaks and the Arab spring. The reality outside the conference hall, the UN headquarters in the Kenyan capital, was more striking. Kenyans nowadays often go online on their mobile phones. Surfing the web is getting faster and cheaper by the day. The internet is no longer a geeks' affair in the rich world, but woven into the fabric of business and life even in the poor one.
The IGF is not a typical UN meeting with a carefully staged agenda and much diplomatic protocol. All participants had the same right to take the floor. Government suits had to listen patiently to the complaints of internet activists. And the end of the shindig was not marked by a finely tuned communiqué, but by a workshop dedicated to what the organisers should do better.
All this makes the IGF an unusual grouping. It is in effect a poster child for what insiders like to call the “multi-stakeholder” model. All involved have a say and decisions are taken by “rough consensus”. This approach has worked for the internet so far, but it is increasingly under attack. Governments now want to be given the last word on contentious issues rather than being merely treated as just another stakeholder.

Why do you think the passage says that "The internet is no longer a geeks' affair in the rich world"?

Directions: Read the passage given below and answer the following question.

NETHEADS build, run and protect the internet. They often profit from it too. More than 2,000 of them from more than 100 countries descended on Nairobi this week for the latest Internet Governance Forum (IGF), a conference organised under United Nations auspices. The ponderous official theme was the internet “as a catalyst for change”, with a lot of nodding to WikiLeaks and the Arab spring. The reality outside the conference hall, the UN headquarters in the Kenyan capital, was more striking. Kenyans nowadays often go online on their mobile phones. Surfing the web is getting faster and cheaper by the day. The internet is no longer a geeks' affair in the rich world, but woven into the fabric of business and life even in the poor one.
The IGF is not a typical UN meeting with a carefully staged agenda and much diplomatic protocol. All participants had the same right to take the floor. Government suits had to listen patiently to the complaints of internet activists. And the end of the shindig was not marked by a finely tuned communiqué, but by a workshop dedicated to what the organisers should do better.
All this makes the IGF an unusual grouping. It is in effect a poster child for what insiders like to call the “multi-stakeholder” model. All involved have a say and decisions are taken by “rough consensus”. This approach has worked for the internet so far, but it is increasingly under attack. Governments now want to be given the last word on contentious issues rather than being merely treated as just another stakeholder.

Which of the following could replace 'key' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

The economic development of every state largely (1) depends on how its energy requirements are satisfide (2). Not a single branch (3) of modern material production can do (4) without energy. Fuel and power are crucial (5) for overall scientific and technological progress. As a matter of fact, per capita (6) fuel–and–energy consumption (in particular, that of electric power) is one of the basic indicators (7) of this progress. Such key (8) areas as electrification, mechanisation and automation require an increasing amount of electric power.

Which of the following could replace 'branch' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

The economic development of every state largely (1) depends on how its energy requirements are satisfide (2). Not a single branch (3) of modern material production can do (4) without energy. Fuel and power are crucial (5) for overall scientific and technological progress. As a matter of fact, per capita (6) fuel–and–energy consumption (in particular, that of electric power) is one of the basic indicators (7) of this progress. Such key (8) areas as electrification, mechanisation and automation require an increasing amount of electric power.

Which of the following could replace 'per capita' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

The economic development of every state largely (1) depends on how its energy requirements are satisfide (2). Not a single branch (3) of modern material production can do (4) without energy. Fuel and power are crucial (5) for overall scientific and technological progress. As a matter of fact, per capita (6) fuel–and–energy consumption (in particular, that of electric power) is one of the basic indicators (7) of this progress. Such key (8) areas as electrification, mechanisation and automation require an increasing amount of electric power.

Which of the following could replace 'largely' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

The economic development of every state largely (1) depends on how its energy requirements are satisfide (2). Not a single branch (3) of modern material production can do (4) without energy. Fuel and power are crucial (5) for overall scientific and technological progress. As a matter of fact, per capita (6) fuel–and–energy consumption (in particular, that of electric power) is one of the basic indicators (7) of this progress. Such key (8) areas as electrification, mechanisation and automation require an increasing amount of electric power.

Which of the following is the correct spelling of 'satisfide'?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

The economic development of every state largely (1) depends on how its energy requirements are satisfide (2). Not a single branch (3) of modern material production can do (4) without energy. Fuel and power are crucial (5) for overall scientific and technological progress. As a matter of fact, per capita (6) fuel–and–energy consumption (in particular, that of electric power) is one of the basic indicators (7) of this progress. Such key (8) areas as electrification, mechanisation and automation require an increasing amount of electric power.

Which of the following could replace 'do' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

The economic development of every state largely (1) depends on how its energy requirements are satisfide (2). Not a single branch (3) of modern material production can do (4) without energy. Fuel and power are crucial (5) for overall scientific and technological progress. As a matter of fact, per capita (6) fuel–and–energy consumption (in particular, that of electric power) is one of the basic indicators (7) of this progress. Such key (8) areas as electrification, mechanisation and automation require an increasing amount of electric power.

Which of the following could replace 'indicators' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

The economic development of every state largely (1) depends on how its energy requirements are satisfide (2). Not a single branch (3) of modern material production can do (4) without energy. Fuel and power are crucial (5) for overall scientific and technological progress. As a matter of fact, per capita (6) fuel–and–energy consumption (in particular, that of electric power) is one of the basic indicators (7) of this progress. Such key (8) areas as electrification, mechanisation and automation require an increasing amount of electric power.

Which of the following could replace 'crucial' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

The economic development of every state largely (1) depends on how its energy requirements are satisfide (2). Not a single branch (3) of modern material production can do (4) without energy. Fuel and power are crucial (5) for overall scientific and technological progress. As a matter of fact, per capita (6) fuel–and–energy consumption (in particular, that of electric power) is one of the basic indicators (7) of this progress. Such key (8) areas as electrification, mechanisation and automation require an increasing amount of electric power.

Which of the following is the correct spelling of pashent?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

Listening is a good habit. It means to be pashent (1) and silent when others are speaking. It means paying (2) proper attention when others speak. By listening, you learn. You learn about things. You learn about the speaker's purpose (3). You also learn about the speaker's nature. A good listener is popular, for (4) people love to talk. However, it is crazy (5) to talk, if there is nobody to listen. So, people love a good listener. Of course (6), if everybody spoke at the same time, then none would be able to follow another. That would make friendships impossible. It would also make social (7) life impossible. That is why (8), we listen when others speak, and others listen when we speak.

Which of the following could replace paying as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

Listening is a good habit. It means to be pashent (1) and silent when others are speaking. It means paying (2) proper attention when others speak. By listening, you learn. You learn about things. You learn about the speaker's purpose (3). You also learn about the speaker's nature. A good listener is popular, for (4) people love to talk. However, it is crazy (5) to talk, if there is nobody to listen. So, people love a good listener. Of course (6), if everybody spoke at the same time, then none would be able to follow another. That would make friendships impossible. It would also make social (7) life impossible. That is why (8), we listen when others speak, and others listen when we speak.

Which of the following could replace social as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

Listening is a good habit. It means to be pashent (1) and silent when others are speaking. It means paying (2) proper attention when others speak. By listening, you learn. You learn about things. You learn about the speaker's purpose (3). You also learn about the speaker's nature. A good listener is popular, for (4) people love to talk. However, it is crazy (5) to talk, if there is nobody to listen. So, people love a good listener. Of course (6), if everybody spoke at the same time, then none would be able to follow another. That would make friendships impossible. It would also make social (7) life impossible. That is why (8), we listen when others speak, and others listen when we speak.