Reading Comprehension

In the first phase, 30,000 children are to be

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the related question.

The much promised national policy has three major components: selective ban on the morally, indefensible and socially reprehensible practice of child labour, prevention of exploitation of child workers in permitted areas of activity and rehabilitation of those pulled out of prohibited employment.

The 1966 Act has been dubbed as a law that legitimises child labour and the target of attack particularly has been the proviso which in effect says that a child can work if it is part of family labour. This has rendered existing enactments in this field totally ineffective.
The rehabilitation segment of the policy is much too weak to make any impact. In the first phase, about 30,000 child workers are to be freed from the prohibited areas of employment and given education, health and vocational training. If the overseeing of rules and regulations intended to end exploitation – as for instance , higher minimum wages,  non-oppressive work schedule and facilities for rest and recreation – is a question of gearing up the watchdog machinery, social activist groups and voluntary welfare agencies should be given a significant supportive role.

Ending exploitation of the working child involves

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the related question.

The much promised national policy has three major components: selective ban on the morally, indefensible and socially reprehensible practice of child labour, prevention of exploitation of child workers in permitted areas of activity and rehabilitation of those pulled out of prohibited employment.

The 1966 Act has been dubbed as a law that legitimises child labour and the target of attack particularly has been the proviso which in effect says that a child can work if it is part of family labour. This has rendered existing enactments in this field totally ineffective.
The rehabilitation segment of the policy is much too weak to make any impact. In the first phase, about 30,000 child workers are to be freed from the prohibited areas of employment and given education, health and vocational training. If the overseeing of rules and regulations intended to end exploitation – as for instance , higher minimum wages,  non-oppressive work schedule and facilities for rest and recreation – is a question of gearing up the watchdog machinery, social activist groups and voluntary welfare agencies should be given a significant supportive role.

The Act of 1966 is said to legitimise child labour because

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the related question.

The much promised national policy has three major components: selective ban on the morally, indefensible and socially reprehensible practice of child labour, prevention of exploitation of child workers in permitted areas of activity and rehabilitation of those pulled out of prohibited employment.

The 1966 Act has been dubbed as a law that legitimises child labour and the target of attack particularly has been the proviso which in effect says that a child can work if it is part of family labour. This has rendered existing enactments in this field totally ineffective.
The rehabilitation segment of the policy is much too weak to make any impact. In the first phase, about 30,000 child workers are to be freed from the prohibited areas of employment and given education, health and vocational training. If the overseeing of rules and regulations intended to end exploitation – as for instance , higher minimum wages,  non-oppressive work schedule and facilities for rest and recreation – is a question of gearing up the watchdog machinery, social activist groups and voluntary welfare agencies should be given a significant supportive role.

Why does the new English seem to the author 'to be interpreted in 'Morse code'? (Passage 1, line 16)

Answer the questions based on the following passage.
 
Passage 1

            ‘CU ltr’ If you are able to decipher this you will probably
            read ‘see you later’ in simple English. The growing trend of
            text messaging on our emails and cell communications has
            rung death knell for pure English. This reformed English has
(5)        done away with all spellings and grammatical fundamentals.
            The racing world wants instant communication which this
            new reformed English caters to and the whole world has
            lapped it up.
            We can hardly visualize the visages of rectified spellings,
(10)      adorning punctuation or polished grammar in our
            communication messages. This amended look of English
            has taken the instant chatter boxes within its stride. People
            have lost any regard for commas, full stops, and sentence
            or word formation. The verbal pronunciation of words has
(15)      been modified along with the sentence which seems to be
            interpreted in ‘Morse code’. This short cut communication is
            easy for the new zazzy genre but it’s difficult for the oldies to
            decode because it seems to be Latin or Greek for them.
            The slangs like plz, b’coz, axxident are difficult to associate
(20)      with. This informal non standard vocabulary comprising
            typically of coinages, arbitrarily changed words and extravagant
            and facetious figures of speech is not acceptable to the
            masters of English. Probably they feel this is the distortion of
            piousness of the subject. The well-read people don’t feel
(25)      elated if they have to use this short hand language, as they
            are comfortable with the originality of the language. But
            people with minimal English writing or verbal skills feel this
            to be a vital transition. Their motive is to pass their message
            irrespective of grammatical décor. They feel indulgence in
(30)      grammar checks as a waste of time. They ridicule the ones
            who try to be careful. The respectable English has lost its
            facet in the deal. The escapists who write English devoid
            of all ornamentation want to pass off their typing errors
            unnoticed by saying: this is the new English. These champions
(35)      of free style English smartly outdo the real English masters
            as outdated, because they are short of knowledge in slangs.
            It’s true that spoken English is less formal and free of
            grammatical check than one used in written correspondence
            but it should not outdo the originality of the language. The
(40)      conventions, softness and systematic style of the language
            should not be laxed. This growing trend should be
            immediately controlled otherwise the resumes would soon
            be peppered with this S.M.S language too. So, abbreviative
            style should no more hamper someone’s creativity in writing
(45)      skills.

Passage 2

            The British rule benefited Indians in only one way that the
            Indians got a sound intro to the most prestigious language
            of the world ‘English’. Many Indians today have mastered it
            and won international acclaim for their creative literature.
(5)        Globally, writers like ‘Arundhati Roy’ sold hundreds of
            thousands of copies of her book. English has intensified the
            prestige of many Indians like Shekhar Kapur. His English film
            ‘Elizabeth’ got many Oscar nominations.
            English has helped us interact with foreigners during our
(10)      commercial transactions. Our ambassadors, business
            entrepreneurs, trade managers, all have attained proficiency
            in this language and earned repute in their field of work.
            English, being the primary for all international communication,
            has become too vital for inter state commerce.
 (15)     Even the people across the country who were tied with their
            regional languages and felt short of words to interact with
            their countrymen have triumphed English and have
            enhanced their communication ability. Parliament too has
            acknowledged English as the official language, along with
(20)      Hindi our national language. Every institution insists on
            polishing it as one does one’s mother tongue.
            The will to learn English today is nurtured from the primary
            classes itself. There has been an outburst of demand to set
            up English medium schools in remote areas also. A language
(25)      is deterred if it poses threat to a regional language but not
            so with English. Indian languages are dwelling in their own
            domains as many use them for communication. English is
            like a historical legacy or increment to our own languages.
            English can open our door to the world as we can interact
(30)      with the people globally if we have a command on English.
            We are able to merge with the rest of the world.
            English is the medium which can broaden our horizons of
            knowledge and experience. Our view point can be put forth
            to the foreigners and we can confidently debate our point of
(35)      view. Many Indian spiritual gurus have foreign followers
            because with English they have expressed their ideas which
            have won many a foreign heart. Our culture and spirituality
            which earlier remained in bounds has gained an international
            identity.
(40)      Spoken English is not restricted to accent and pronunciation.
            It is mainly based on sharing experiences. So despite various
            verbal styles the originality stands. Though verbal speech
           differs globally, the standard written style is uniform.

State the common point(s) between the two passages? (i) Both agree that oral English is simple and free from restrictions of pronunciation, accent and grammar decor.
(ii) Both criticize the modern style of the language (iii) Both celebrate glory of English for global level communication (iv) Both claim that English existed in India before British rule. (v) All the above

Answer the questions based on the following passage.
 
Passage 1

            ‘CU ltr’ If you are able to decipher this you will probably
            read ‘see you later’ in simple English. The growing trend of
            text messaging on our emails and cell communications has
            rung death knell for pure English. This reformed English has
(5)        done away with all spellings and grammatical fundamentals.
            The racing world wants instant communication which this
            new reformed English caters to and the whole world has
            lapped it up.
            We can hardly visualize the visages of rectified spellings,
(10)      adorning punctuation or polished grammar in our
            communication messages. This amended look of English
            has taken the instant chatter boxes within its stride. People
            have lost any regard for commas, full stops, and sentence
            or word formation. The verbal pronunciation of words has
(15)      been modified along with the sentence which seems to be
            interpreted in ‘Morse code’. This short cut communication is
            easy for the new zazzy genre but it’s difficult for the oldies to
            decode because it seems to be Latin or Greek for them.
            The slangs like plz, b’coz, axxident are difficult to associate
(20)      with. This informal non standard vocabulary comprising
            typically of coinages, arbitrarily changed words and extravagant
            and facetious figures of speech is not acceptable to the
            masters of English. Probably they feel this is the distortion of
            piousness of the subject. The well-read people don’t feel
(25)      elated if they have to use this short hand language, as they
            are comfortable with the originality of the language. But
            people with minimal English writing or verbal skills feel this
            to be a vital transition. Their motive is to pass their message
            irrespective of grammatical décor. They feel indulgence in
(30)      grammar checks as a waste of time. They ridicule the ones
            who try to be careful. The respectable English has lost its
            facet in the deal. The escapists who write English devoid
            of all ornamentation want to pass off their typing errors
            unnoticed by saying: this is the new English. These champions
(35)      of free style English smartly outdo the real English masters
            as outdated, because they are short of knowledge in slangs.
            It’s true that spoken English is less formal and free of
            grammatical check than one used in written correspondence
            but it should not outdo the originality of the language. The
(40)      conventions, softness and systematic style of the language
            should not be laxed. This growing trend should be
            immediately controlled otherwise the resumes would soon
            be peppered with this S.M.S language too. So, abbreviative
            style should no more hamper someone’s creativity in writing
(45)      skills.

Passage 2

            The British rule benefited Indians in only one way that the
            Indians got a sound intro to the most prestigious language
            of the world ‘English’. Many Indians today have mastered it
            and won international acclaim for their creative literature.
(5)        Globally, writers like ‘Arundhati Roy’ sold hundreds of
            thousands of copies of her book. English has intensified the
            prestige of many Indians like Shekhar Kapur. His English film
            ‘Elizabeth’ got many Oscar nominations.
            English has helped us interact with foreigners during our
(10)      commercial transactions. Our ambassadors, business
            entrepreneurs, trade managers, all have attained proficiency
            in this language and earned repute in their field of work.
            English, being the primary for all international communication,
            has become too vital for inter state commerce.
 (15)     Even the people across the country who were tied with their
            regional languages and felt short of words to interact with
            their countrymen have triumphed English and have
            enhanced their communication ability. Parliament too has
            acknowledged English as the official language, along with
(20)      Hindi our national language. Every institution insists on
            polishing it as one does one’s mother tongue.
            The will to learn English today is nurtured from the primary
            classes itself. There has been an outburst of demand to set
            up English medium schools in remote areas also. A language
(25)      is deterred if it poses threat to a regional language but not
            so with English. Indian languages are dwelling in their own
            domains as many use them for communication. English is
            like a historical legacy or increment to our own languages.
            English can open our door to the world as we can interact
(30)      with the people globally if we have a command on English.
            We are able to merge with the rest of the world.
            English is the medium which can broaden our horizons of
            knowledge and experience. Our view point can be put forth
            to the foreigners and we can confidently debate our point of
(35)      view. Many Indian spiritual gurus have foreign followers
            because with English they have expressed their ideas which
            have won many a foreign heart. Our culture and spirituality
            which earlier remained in bounds has gained an international
            identity.
(40)      Spoken English is not restricted to accent and pronunciation.
            It is mainly based on sharing experiences. So despite various
            verbal styles the originality stands. Though verbal speech
           differs globally, the standard written style is uniform.

How has the new evolved 'instant communication' (line 6) hampered the original English? (Passage 1)

Answer the questions based on the following passage.
 
Passage 1

            ‘CU ltr’ If you are able to decipher this you will probably
            read ‘see you later’ in simple English. The growing trend of
            text messaging on our emails and cell communications has
            rung death knell for pure English. This reformed English has
(5)        done away with all spellings and grammatical fundamentals.
            The racing world wants instant communication which this
            new reformed English caters to and the whole world has
            lapped it up.
            We can hardly visualize the visages of rectified spellings,
(10)      adorning punctuation or polished grammar in our
            communication messages. This amended look of English
            has taken the instant chatter boxes within its stride. People
            have lost any regard for commas, full stops, and sentence
            or word formation. The verbal pronunciation of words has
(15)      been modified along with the sentence which seems to be
            interpreted in ‘Morse code’. This short cut communication is
            easy for the new zazzy genre but it’s difficult for the oldies to
            decode because it seems to be Latin or Greek for them.
            The slangs like plz, b’coz, axxident are difficult to associate
(20)      with. This informal non standard vocabulary comprising
            typically of coinages, arbitrarily changed words and extravagant
            and facetious figures of speech is not acceptable to the
            masters of English. Probably they feel this is the distortion of
            piousness of the subject. The well-read people don’t feel
(25)      elated if they have to use this short hand language, as they
            are comfortable with the originality of the language. But
            people with minimal English writing or verbal skills feel this
            to be a vital transition. Their motive is to pass their message
            irrespective of grammatical décor. They feel indulgence in
(30)      grammar checks as a waste of time. They ridicule the ones
            who try to be careful. The respectable English has lost its
            facet in the deal. The escapists who write English devoid
            of all ornamentation want to pass off their typing errors
            unnoticed by saying: this is the new English. These champions
(35)      of free style English smartly outdo the real English masters
            as outdated, because they are short of knowledge in slangs.
            It’s true that spoken English is less formal and free of
            grammatical check than one used in written correspondence
            but it should not outdo the originality of the language. The
(40)      conventions, softness and systematic style of the language
            should not be laxed. This growing trend should be
            immediately controlled otherwise the resumes would soon
            be peppered with this S.M.S language too. So, abbreviative
            style should no more hamper someone’s creativity in writing
(45)      skills.

Passage 2

            The British rule benefited Indians in only one way that the
            Indians got a sound intro to the most prestigious language
            of the world ‘English’. Many Indians today have mastered it
            and won international acclaim for their creative literature.
(5)        Globally, writers like ‘Arundhati Roy’ sold hundreds of
            thousands of copies of her book. English has intensified the
            prestige of many Indians like Shekhar Kapur. His English film
            ‘Elizabeth’ got many Oscar nominations.
            English has helped us interact with foreigners during our
(10)      commercial transactions. Our ambassadors, business
            entrepreneurs, trade managers, all have attained proficiency
            in this language and earned repute in their field of work.
            English, being the primary for all international communication,
            has become too vital for inter state commerce.
 (15)     Even the people across the country who were tied with their
            regional languages and felt short of words to interact with
            their countrymen have triumphed English and have
            enhanced their communication ability. Parliament too has
            acknowledged English as the official language, along with
(20)      Hindi our national language. Every institution insists on
            polishing it as one does one’s mother tongue.
            The will to learn English today is nurtured from the primary
            classes itself. There has been an outburst of demand to set
            up English medium schools in remote areas also. A language
(25)      is deterred if it poses threat to a regional language but not
            so with English. Indian languages are dwelling in their own
            domains as many use them for communication. English is
            like a historical legacy or increment to our own languages.
            English can open our door to the world as we can interact
(30)      with the people globally if we have a command on English.
            We are able to merge with the rest of the world.
            English is the medium which can broaden our horizons of
            knowledge and experience. Our view point can be put forth
            to the foreigners and we can confidently debate our point of
(35)      view. Many Indian spiritual gurus have foreign followers
            because with English they have expressed their ideas which
            have won many a foreign heart. Our culture and spirituality
            which earlier remained in bounds has gained an international
            identity.
(40)      Spoken English is not restricted to accent and pronunciation.
            It is mainly based on sharing experiences. So despite various
            verbal styles the originality stands. Though verbal speech
           differs globally, the standard written style is uniform.

Based on the information given in Passage 1, how do beliefs mature into ideas?

Answer the question based on the following passages.

Passage 1

            Does science relate to the authentic world? Or are its
            hypothesis dependent upon certain notions that exist in the
            researcher’s mind? Is science based on reliable factual
            information? Ortega Y Gasset said that all ideas ripen from
(5)       pre–reasoned beliefs. W. James responded that when we
           accept a new ‘truth’ we go beyond old ‘facts’ and this
            probably initiates the formation of new researchable
            scientific theories. The beliefs and notions of today probably
            can achieve the stature of being hypotheses tomorrow. It’s
(10)      undoubted that beliefs are in some way responsible for
            designing the theories of future. There always are cases
            where humans believe in a few things existing but lack
            explanation. There always are some ideas existing in nature.
            We can feel them; we can believe in their existence but
(15)      cannot accept them till their existence is reasonably proved.
            So there is a lot of difference in believing in something and
            believing that something exists.
            Our beliefs are circumscribed by reasoning. We all believe in
            the connection between various things. No one can deny this.
(20)      All things may consistently follow each other but that does
            not reveal any relation between them. There is ambiguity
            because the connectivity in our mind is cooked up work.
            Science limits this ambiguity and elucidates that only a
            few things inter-relate according to a conceptual framework
(25)     and these we declare as theories. Ideas are differentiated,
            classed and checked before formulation and science claims
            to possess the tools to demark, classify, study and elucidate
            these ideas and relations. Science extends the green signal
            to those relationships that have proved their ‘certainty’ or near
(30)      certainty. All science is based on proof. The connection which
            cannot be put to proof clearly is categorized as ‘false’. So
            science uses its apparatus to check the practicality of relations
            before formulation of its theories.

Passage 2

            Superstition gives us the freedom to connect everything,
            even things little known to us. People foresee their future
            in the planets, some dates are auspicious, some numbers
            can be unpropitious, black cats predict disaster. We fear
(5)        these things because their effects, if there are any, are little
            known. We cannot peek into or relate much to the future; so
            we are superstitious about it.
            If we cannot learn about a relationship, does that mean it
            does not exist? On seeing a tiger, our sight accepts its
(10)      existence and on hearing its roar also the existence of tiger
            can be accepted. We can see the results of high currents and
            infer or presume their existence from the ultimate wreckage.
            So we as human beings have a marked correlation mechanism.
            But our knowledge is limited. Whatever our sense of assessment
(15)      of correlations, there can always be a new amazing insight
            in connection with the idea. We cannot say we have evolved
            with the perfect and satisfactory derivation, as all our knowing
            is also limited.
            All Aristotelian, Newtonian works and physical theories
(20)      divulge connections which were unimagined before their
            revelation. Such people developed new tools to establish
            connectivity and slowly developed a theory in the bargain.
            So we can say, probably all superstitions could turn
            tomorrow’s science given the right treatment. Relationships
(25)      of Earth with the moon, the sun, the planets were all
            based on superstitions in pre historic times but people
            worked on these superstitions and slowly a real relation
            based on science was derived. All superstitions were shed
            and real theory evolved. So we can say superstitions are
(30)      possibly the mother to most of scientific theories.

What relation can be derived between superstition/belief and theory from the two passages?

Answer the question based on the following passages.

Passage 1

            Does science relate to the authentic world? Or are its
            hypothesis dependent upon certain notions that exist in the
            researcher’s mind? Is science based on reliable factual
            information? Ortega Y Gasset said that all ideas ripen from
(5)       pre–reasoned beliefs. W. James responded that when we
           accept a new ‘truth’ we go beyond old ‘facts’ and this
            probably initiates the formation of new researchable
            scientific theories. The beliefs and notions of today probably
            can achieve the stature of being hypotheses tomorrow. It’s
(10)      undoubted that beliefs are in some way responsible for
            designing the theories of future. There always are cases
            where humans believe in a few things existing but lack
            explanation. There always are some ideas existing in nature.
            We can feel them; we can believe in their existence but
(15)      cannot accept them till their existence is reasonably proved.
            So there is a lot of difference in believing in something and
            believing that something exists.
            Our beliefs are circumscribed by reasoning. We all believe in
            the connection between various things. No one can deny this.
(20)      All things may consistently follow each other but that does
            not reveal any relation between them. There is ambiguity
            because the connectivity in our mind is cooked up work.
            Science limits this ambiguity and elucidates that only a
            few things inter-relate according to a conceptual framework
(25)     and these we declare as theories. Ideas are differentiated,
            classed and checked before formulation and science claims
            to possess the tools to demark, classify, study and elucidate
            these ideas and relations. Science extends the green signal
            to those relationships that have proved their ‘certainty’ or near
(30)      certainty. All science is based on proof. The connection which
            cannot be put to proof clearly is categorized as ‘false’. So
            science uses its apparatus to check the practicality of relations
            before formulation of its theories.

Passage 2

            Superstition gives us the freedom to connect everything,
            even things little known to us. People foresee their future
            in the planets, some dates are auspicious, some numbers
            can be unpropitious, black cats predict disaster. We fear
(5)        these things because their effects, if there are any, are little
            known. We cannot peek into or relate much to the future; so
            we are superstitious about it.
            If we cannot learn about a relationship, does that mean it
            does not exist? On seeing a tiger, our sight accepts its
(10)      existence and on hearing its roar also the existence of tiger
            can be accepted. We can see the results of high currents and
            infer or presume their existence from the ultimate wreckage.
            So we as human beings have a marked correlation mechanism.
            But our knowledge is limited. Whatever our sense of assessment
(15)      of correlations, there can always be a new amazing insight
            in connection with the idea. We cannot say we have evolved
            with the perfect and satisfactory derivation, as all our knowing
            is also limited.
            All Aristotelian, Newtonian works and physical theories
(20)      divulge connections which were unimagined before their
            revelation. Such people developed new tools to establish
            connectivity and slowly developed a theory in the bargain.
            So we can say, probably all superstitions could turn
            tomorrow’s science given the right treatment. Relationships
(25)      of Earth with the moon, the sun, the planets were all
            based on superstitions in pre historic times but people
            worked on these superstitions and slowly a real relation
            based on science was derived. All superstitions were shed
            and real theory evolved. So we can say superstitions are
(30)      possibly the mother to most of scientific theories.

Why do we feel unsafe about a few things that make us superstitious? (Passage 2)

Answer the question based on the following passages.

Passage 1

            Does science relate to the authentic world? Or are its
            hypothesis dependent upon certain notions that exist in the
            researcher’s mind? Is science based on reliable factual
            information? Ortega Y Gasset said that all ideas ripen from
(5)       pre–reasoned beliefs. W. James responded that when we
           accept a new ‘truth’ we go beyond old ‘facts’ and this
            probably initiates the formation of new researchable
            scientific theories. The beliefs and notions of today probably
            can achieve the stature of being hypotheses tomorrow. It’s
(10)      undoubted that beliefs are in some way responsible for
            designing the theories of future. There always are cases
            where humans believe in a few things existing but lack
            explanation. There always are some ideas existing in nature.
            We can feel them; we can believe in their existence but
(15)      cannot accept them till their existence is reasonably proved.
            So there is a lot of difference in believing in something and
            believing that something exists.
            Our beliefs are circumscribed by reasoning. We all believe in
            the connection between various things. No one can deny this.
(20)      All things may consistently follow each other but that does
            not reveal any relation between them. There is ambiguity
            because the connectivity in our mind is cooked up work.
            Science limits this ambiguity and elucidates that only a
            few things inter-relate according to a conceptual framework
(25)     and these we declare as theories. Ideas are differentiated,
            classed and checked before formulation and science claims
            to possess the tools to demark, classify, study and elucidate
            these ideas and relations. Science extends the green signal
            to those relationships that have proved their ‘certainty’ or near
(30)      certainty. All science is based on proof. The connection which
            cannot be put to proof clearly is categorized as ‘false’. So
            science uses its apparatus to check the practicality of relations
            before formulation of its theories.

Passage 2

            Superstition gives us the freedom to connect everything,
            even things little known to us. People foresee their future
            in the planets, some dates are auspicious, some numbers
            can be unpropitious, black cats predict disaster. We fear
(5)        these things because their effects, if there are any, are little
            known. We cannot peek into or relate much to the future; so
            we are superstitious about it.
            If we cannot learn about a relationship, does that mean it
            does not exist? On seeing a tiger, our sight accepts its
(10)      existence and on hearing its roar also the existence of tiger
            can be accepted. We can see the results of high currents and
            infer or presume their existence from the ultimate wreckage.
            So we as human beings have a marked correlation mechanism.
            But our knowledge is limited. Whatever our sense of assessment
(15)      of correlations, there can always be a new amazing insight
            in connection with the idea. We cannot say we have evolved
            with the perfect and satisfactory derivation, as all our knowing
            is also limited.
            All Aristotelian, Newtonian works and physical theories
(20)      divulge connections which were unimagined before their
            revelation. Such people developed new tools to establish
            connectivity and slowly developed a theory in the bargain.
            So we can say, probably all superstitions could turn
            tomorrow’s science given the right treatment. Relationships
(25)      of Earth with the moon, the sun, the planets were all
            based on superstitions in pre historic times but people
            worked on these superstitions and slowly a real relation
            based on science was derived. All superstitions were shed
            and real theory evolved. So we can say superstitions are
(30)      possibly the mother to most of scientific theories.

What are the differences in the subject matter of the two passages?

Answer the questions based on the following passage.
 
Passage 1

            ‘CU ltr’ If you are able to decipher this you will probably
            read ‘see you later’ in simple English. The growing trend of
            text messaging on our emails and cell communications has
            rung death knell for pure English. This reformed English has
(5)        done away with all spellings and grammatical fundamentals.
            The racing world wants instant communication which this
            new reformed English caters to and the whole world has
            lapped it up.
            We can hardly visualize the visages of rectified spellings,
(10)      adorning punctuation or polished grammar in our
            communication messages. This amended look of English
            has taken the instant chatter boxes within its stride. People
            have lost any regard for commas, full stops, and sentence
            or word formation. The verbal pronunciation of words has
(15)      been modified along with the sentence which seems to be
            interpreted in ‘Morse code’. This short cut communication is
            easy for the new zazzy genre but it’s difficult for the oldies to
            decode because it seems to be Latin or Greek for them.
            The slangs like plz, b’coz, axxident are difficult to associate
(20)      with. This informal non standard vocabulary comprising
            typically of coinages, arbitrarily changed words and extravagant
            and facetious figures of speech is not acceptable to the
            masters of English. Probably they feel this is the distortion of
            piousness of the subject. The well-read people don’t feel
(25)      elated if they have to use this short hand language, as they
            are comfortable with the originality of the language. But
            people with minimal English writing or verbal skills feel this
            to be a vital transition. Their motive is to pass their message
            irrespective of grammatical décor. They feel indulgence in
(30)      grammar checks as a waste of time. They ridicule the ones
            who try to be careful. The respectable English has lost its
            facet in the deal. The escapists who write English devoid
            of all ornamentation want to pass off their typing errors
            unnoticed by saying: this is the new English. These champions
(35)      of free style English smartly outdo the real English masters
            as outdated, because they are short of knowledge in slangs.
            It’s true that spoken English is less formal and free of
            grammatical check than one used in written correspondence
            but it should not outdo the originality of the language. The
(40)      conventions, softness and systematic style of the language
            should not be laxed. This growing trend should be
            immediately controlled otherwise the resumes would soon
            be peppered with this S.M.S language too. So, abbreviative
            style should no more hamper someone’s creativity in writing
(45)      skills.

Passage 2

            The British rule benefited Indians in only one way that the
            Indians got a sound intro to the most prestigious language
            of the world ‘English’. Many Indians today have mastered it
            and won international acclaim for their creative literature.
(5)        Globally, writers like ‘Arundhati Roy’ sold hundreds of
            thousands of copies of her book. English has intensified the
            prestige of many Indians like Shekhar Kapur. His English film
            ‘Elizabeth’ got many Oscar nominations.
            English has helped us interact with foreigners during our
(10)      commercial transactions. Our ambassadors, business
            entrepreneurs, trade managers, all have attained proficiency
            in this language and earned repute in their field of work.
            English, being the primary for all international communication,
            has become too vital for inter state commerce.
 (15)     Even the people across the country who were tied with their
            regional languages and felt short of words to interact with
            their countrymen have triumphed English and have
            enhanced their communication ability. Parliament too has
            acknowledged English as the official language, along with
(20)      Hindi our national language. Every institution insists on
            polishing it as one does one’s mother tongue.
            The will to learn English today is nurtured from the primary
            classes itself. There has been an outburst of demand to set
            up English medium schools in remote areas also. A language
(25)      is deterred if it poses threat to a regional language but not
            so with English. Indian languages are dwelling in their own
            domains as many use them for communication. English is
            like a historical legacy or increment to our own languages.
            English can open our door to the world as we can interact
(30)      with the people globally if we have a command on English.
            We are able to merge with the rest of the world.
            English is the medium which can broaden our horizons of
            knowledge and experience. Our view point can be put forth
            to the foreigners and we can confidently debate our point of
(35)      view. Many Indian spiritual gurus have foreign followers
            because with English they have expressed their ideas which
            have won many a foreign heart. Our culture and spirituality
            which earlier remained in bounds has gained an international
            identity.
(40)      Spoken English is not restricted to accent and pronunciation.
            It is mainly based on sharing experiences. So despite various
            verbal styles the originality stands. Though verbal speech
           differs globally, the standard written style is uniform.

According to passage 2 how has English helped India to connect globally and achieve success?

Answer the questions based on the following passage.
 
Passage 1

            ‘CU ltr’ If you are able to decipher this you will probably
            read ‘see you later’ in simple English. The growing trend of
            text messaging on our emails and cell communications has
            rung death knell for pure English. This reformed English has
(5)        done away with all spellings and grammatical fundamentals.
            The racing world wants instant communication which this
            new reformed English caters to and the whole world has
            lapped it up.
            We can hardly visualize the visages of rectified spellings,
(10)      adorning punctuation or polished grammar in our
            communication messages. This amended look of English
            has taken the instant chatter boxes within its stride. People
            have lost any regard for commas, full stops, and sentence
            or word formation. The verbal pronunciation of words has
(15)      been modified along with the sentence which seems to be
            interpreted in ‘Morse code’. This short cut communication is
            easy for the new zazzy genre but it’s difficult for the oldies to
            decode because it seems to be Latin or Greek for them.
            The slangs like plz, b’coz, axxident are difficult to associate
(20)      with. This informal non standard vocabulary comprising
            typically of coinages, arbitrarily changed words and extravagant
            and facetious figures of speech is not acceptable to the
            masters of English. Probably they feel this is the distortion of
            piousness of the subject. The well-read people don’t feel
(25)      elated if they have to use this short hand language, as they
            are comfortable with the originality of the language. But
            people with minimal English writing or verbal skills feel this
            to be a vital transition. Their motive is to pass their message
            irrespective of grammatical décor. They feel indulgence in
(30)      grammar checks as a waste of time. They ridicule the ones
            who try to be careful. The respectable English has lost its
            facet in the deal. The escapists who write English devoid
            of all ornamentation want to pass off their typing errors
            unnoticed by saying: this is the new English. These champions
(35)      of free style English smartly outdo the real English masters
            as outdated, because they are short of knowledge in slangs.
            It’s true that spoken English is less formal and free of
            grammatical check than one used in written correspondence
            but it should not outdo the originality of the language. The
(40)      conventions, softness and systematic style of the language
            should not be laxed. This growing trend should be
            immediately controlled otherwise the resumes would soon
            be peppered with this S.M.S language too. So, abbreviative
            style should no more hamper someone’s creativity in writing
(45)      skills.

Passage 2

            The British rule benefited Indians in only one way that the
            Indians got a sound intro to the most prestigious language
            of the world ‘English’. Many Indians today have mastered it
            and won international acclaim for their creative literature.
(5)        Globally, writers like ‘Arundhati Roy’ sold hundreds of
            thousands of copies of her book. English has intensified the
            prestige of many Indians like Shekhar Kapur. His English film
            ‘Elizabeth’ got many Oscar nominations.
            English has helped us interact with foreigners during our
(10)      commercial transactions. Our ambassadors, business
            entrepreneurs, trade managers, all have attained proficiency
            in this language and earned repute in their field of work.
            English, being the primary for all international communication,
            has become too vital for inter state commerce.
 (15)     Even the people across the country who were tied with their
            regional languages and felt short of words to interact with
            their countrymen have triumphed English and have
            enhanced their communication ability. Parliament too has
            acknowledged English as the official language, along with
(20)      Hindi our national language. Every institution insists on
            polishing it as one does one’s mother tongue.
            The will to learn English today is nurtured from the primary
            classes itself. There has been an outburst of demand to set
            up English medium schools in remote areas also. A language
(25)      is deterred if it poses threat to a regional language but not
            so with English. Indian languages are dwelling in their own
            domains as many use them for communication. English is
            like a historical legacy or increment to our own languages.
            English can open our door to the world as we can interact
(30)      with the people globally if we have a command on English.
            We are able to merge with the rest of the world.
            English is the medium which can broaden our horizons of
            knowledge and experience. Our view point can be put forth
            to the foreigners and we can confidently debate our point of
(35)      view. Many Indian spiritual gurus have foreign followers
            because with English they have expressed their ideas which
            have won many a foreign heart. Our culture and spirituality
            which earlier remained in bounds has gained an international
            identity.
(40)      Spoken English is not restricted to accent and pronunciation.
            It is mainly based on sharing experiences. So despite various
            verbal styles the originality stands. Though verbal speech
           differs globally, the standard written style is uniform.

How are beliefs and theories interlinked? (Passage 1)

Answer the question based on the following passages.

Passage 1

            Does science relate to the authentic world? Or are its
            hypothesis dependent upon certain notions that exist in the
            researcher’s mind? Is science based on reliable factual
            information? Ortega Y Gasset said that all ideas ripen from
(5)       pre–reasoned beliefs. W. James responded that when we
           accept a new ‘truth’ we go beyond old ‘facts’ and this
            probably initiates the formation of new researchable
            scientific theories. The beliefs and notions of today probably
            can achieve the stature of being hypotheses tomorrow. It’s
(10)      undoubted that beliefs are in some way responsible for
            designing the theories of future. There always are cases
            where humans believe in a few things existing but lack
            explanation. There always are some ideas existing in nature.
            We can feel them; we can believe in their existence but
(15)      cannot accept them till their existence is reasonably proved.
            So there is a lot of difference in believing in something and
            believing that something exists.
            Our beliefs are circumscribed by reasoning. We all believe in
            the connection between various things. No one can deny this.
(20)      All things may consistently follow each other but that does
            not reveal any relation between them. There is ambiguity
            because the connectivity in our mind is cooked up work.
            Science limits this ambiguity and elucidates that only a
            few things inter-relate according to a conceptual framework
(25)     and these we declare as theories. Ideas are differentiated,
            classed and checked before formulation and science claims
            to possess the tools to demark, classify, study and elucidate
            these ideas and relations. Science extends the green signal
            to those relationships that have proved their ‘certainty’ or near
(30)      certainty. All science is based on proof. The connection which
            cannot be put to proof clearly is categorized as ‘false’. So
            science uses its apparatus to check the practicality of relations
            before formulation of its theories.

Passage 2

            Superstition gives us the freedom to connect everything,
            even things little known to us. People foresee their future
            in the planets, some dates are auspicious, some numbers
            can be unpropitious, black cats predict disaster. We fear
(5)        these things because their effects, if there are any, are little
            known. We cannot peek into or relate much to the future; so
            we are superstitious about it.
            If we cannot learn about a relationship, does that mean it
            does not exist? On seeing a tiger, our sight accepts its
(10)      existence and on hearing its roar also the existence of tiger
            can be accepted. We can see the results of high currents and
            infer or presume their existence from the ultimate wreckage.
            So we as human beings have a marked correlation mechanism.
            But our knowledge is limited. Whatever our sense of assessment
(15)      of correlations, there can always be a new amazing insight
            in connection with the idea. We cannot say we have evolved
            with the perfect and satisfactory derivation, as all our knowing
            is also limited.
            All Aristotelian, Newtonian works and physical theories
(20)      divulge connections which were unimagined before their
            revelation. Such people developed new tools to establish
            connectivity and slowly developed a theory in the bargain.
            So we can say, probably all superstitions could turn
            tomorrow’s science given the right treatment. Relationships
(25)      of Earth with the moon, the sun, the planets were all
            based on superstitions in pre historic times but people
            worked on these superstitions and slowly a real relation
            based on science was derived. All superstitions were shed
            and real theory evolved. So we can say superstitions are
(30)      possibly the mother to most of scientific theories.

How does Passage 1 differ from Passage 2?

Answer the question based on the following passages.

Passage 1

            Does science relate to the authentic world? Or are its
            hypothesis dependent upon certain notions that exist in the
            researcher’s mind? Is science based on reliable factual
            information? Ortega Y Gasset said that all ideas ripen from
(5)       pre–reasoned beliefs. W. James responded that when we
           accept a new ‘truth’ we go beyond old ‘facts’ and this
            probably initiates the formation of new researchable
            scientific theories. The beliefs and notions of today probably
            can achieve the stature of being hypotheses tomorrow. It’s
(10)      undoubted that beliefs are in some way responsible for
            designing the theories of future. There always are cases
            where humans believe in a few things existing but lack
            explanation. There always are some ideas existing in nature.
            We can feel them; we can believe in their existence but
(15)      cannot accept them till their existence is reasonably proved.
            So there is a lot of difference in believing in something and
            believing that something exists.
            Our beliefs are circumscribed by reasoning. We all believe in
            the connection between various things. No one can deny this.
(20)      All things may consistently follow each other but that does
            not reveal any relation between them. There is ambiguity
            because the connectivity in our mind is cooked up work.
            Science limits this ambiguity and elucidates that only a
            few things inter-relate according to a conceptual framework
(25)     and these we declare as theories. Ideas are differentiated,
            classed and checked before formulation and science claims
            to possess the tools to demark, classify, study and elucidate
            these ideas and relations. Science extends the green signal
            to those relationships that have proved their ‘certainty’ or near
(30)      certainty. All science is based on proof. The connection which
            cannot be put to proof clearly is categorized as ‘false’. So
            science uses its apparatus to check the practicality of relations
            before formulation of its theories.

Passage 2

            Superstition gives us the freedom to connect everything,
            even things little known to us. People foresee their future
            in the planets, some dates are auspicious, some numbers
            can be unpropitious, black cats predict disaster. We fear
(5)        these things because their effects, if there are any, are little
            known. We cannot peek into or relate much to the future; so
            we are superstitious about it.
            If we cannot learn about a relationship, does that mean it
            does not exist? On seeing a tiger, our sight accepts its
(10)      existence and on hearing its roar also the existence of tiger
            can be accepted. We can see the results of high currents and
            infer or presume their existence from the ultimate wreckage.
            So we as human beings have a marked correlation mechanism.
            But our knowledge is limited. Whatever our sense of assessment
(15)      of correlations, there can always be a new amazing insight
            in connection with the idea. We cannot say we have evolved
            with the perfect and satisfactory derivation, as all our knowing
            is also limited.
            All Aristotelian, Newtonian works and physical theories
(20)      divulge connections which were unimagined before their
            revelation. Such people developed new tools to establish
            connectivity and slowly developed a theory in the bargain.
            So we can say, probably all superstitions could turn
            tomorrow’s science given the right treatment. Relationships
(25)      of Earth with the moon, the sun, the planets were all
            based on superstitions in pre historic times but people
            worked on these superstitions and slowly a real relation
            based on science was derived. All superstitions were shed
            and real theory evolved. So we can say superstitions are
(30)      possibly the mother to most of scientific theories.

What is the reaction of experts to this new English evolution? (Passage 1)

Answer the questions based on the following passage.
 
Passage 1

            ‘CU ltr’ If you are able to decipher this you will probably
            read ‘see you later’ in simple English. The growing trend of
            text messaging on our emails and cell communications has
            rung death knell for pure English. This reformed English has
(5)        done away with all spellings and grammatical fundamentals.
            The racing world wants instant communication which this
            new reformed English caters to and the whole world has
            lapped it up.
            We can hardly visualize the visages of rectified spellings,
(10)      adorning punctuation or polished grammar in our
            communication messages. This amended look of English
            has taken the instant chatter boxes within its stride. People
            have lost any regard for commas, full stops, and sentence
            or word formation. The verbal pronunciation of words has
(15)      been modified along with the sentence which seems to be
            interpreted in ‘Morse code’. This short cut communication is
            easy for the new zazzy genre but it’s difficult for the oldies to
            decode because it seems to be Latin or Greek for them.
            The slangs like plz, b’coz, axxident are difficult to associate
(20)      with. This informal non standard vocabulary comprising
            typically of coinages, arbitrarily changed words and extravagant
            and facetious figures of speech is not acceptable to the
            masters of English. Probably they feel this is the distortion of
            piousness of the subject. The well-read people don’t feel
(25)      elated if they have to use this short hand language, as they
            are comfortable with the originality of the language. But
            people with minimal English writing or verbal skills feel this
            to be a vital transition. Their motive is to pass their message
            irrespective of grammatical décor. They feel indulgence in
(30)      grammar checks as a waste of time. They ridicule the ones
            who try to be careful. The respectable English has lost its
            facet in the deal. The escapists who write English devoid
            of all ornamentation want to pass off their typing errors
            unnoticed by saying: this is the new English. These champions
(35)      of free style English smartly outdo the real English masters
            as outdated, because they are short of knowledge in slangs.
            It’s true that spoken English is less formal and free of
            grammatical check than one used in written correspondence
            but it should not outdo the originality of the language. The
(40)      conventions, softness and systematic style of the language
            should not be laxed. This growing trend should be
            immediately controlled otherwise the resumes would soon
            be peppered with this S.M.S language too. So, abbreviative
            style should no more hamper someone’s creativity in writing
(45)      skills.

Passage 2

            The British rule benefited Indians in only one way that the
            Indians got a sound intro to the most prestigious language
            of the world ‘English’. Many Indians today have mastered it
            and won international acclaim for their creative literature.
(5)        Globally, writers like ‘Arundhati Roy’ sold hundreds of
            thousands of copies of her book. English has intensified the
            prestige of many Indians like Shekhar Kapur. His English film
            ‘Elizabeth’ got many Oscar nominations.
            English has helped us interact with foreigners during our
(10)      commercial transactions. Our ambassadors, business
            entrepreneurs, trade managers, all have attained proficiency
            in this language and earned repute in their field of work.
            English, being the primary for all international communication,
            has become too vital for inter state commerce.
 (15)     Even the people across the country who were tied with their
            regional languages and felt short of words to interact with
            their countrymen have triumphed English and have
            enhanced their communication ability. Parliament too has
            acknowledged English as the official language, along with
(20)      Hindi our national language. Every institution insists on
            polishing it as one does one’s mother tongue.
            The will to learn English today is nurtured from the primary
            classes itself. There has been an outburst of demand to set
            up English medium schools in remote areas also. A language
(25)      is deterred if it poses threat to a regional language but not
            so with English. Indian languages are dwelling in their own
            domains as many use them for communication. English is
            like a historical legacy or increment to our own languages.
            English can open our door to the world as we can interact
(30)      with the people globally if we have a command on English.
            We are able to merge with the rest of the world.
            English is the medium which can broaden our horizons of
            knowledge and experience. Our view point can be put forth
            to the foreigners and we can confidently debate our point of
(35)      view. Many Indian spiritual gurus have foreign followers
            because with English they have expressed their ideas which
            have won many a foreign heart. Our culture and spirituality
            which earlier remained in bounds has gained an international
            identity.
(40)      Spoken English is not restricted to accent and pronunciation.
            It is mainly based on sharing experiences. So despite various
            verbal styles the originality stands. Though verbal speech
           differs globally, the standard written style is uniform.

What personal attributes does power yoga draw upon? (Passage 1)

Answer the question based on the following passages.

Passage 1

            The west has a new initiative for the fitness freaks - Power
            Yoga remodeled from the Ashtanga Yoga. Power Yoga
            does not restrict the set of postures. They vary from session
            to session. But Power Yoga stresses upon muscle strength
(5)        and stretching. Power yoga has been the precursor of
            yoga’s existent prominence. People consider it to be a
            relaxing work out. The U.S. gyms got their first intro to yoga
            through power yoga.
            Power Yoga does not bewitch the physically unfit or obese
(10)      alone; it has an enticing effect on health freaks who enjoy
            exercising just for the heck of it. Power yoga is a modified
            western version of Indian Ashtanga yoga which is based on
            self-control, discipline and self denial of luxuries. It not only
            inculcates a regular physical work–out, it also upgrades
(15)      mental ability and concentration, though, to start with, it may
            cause a little uneasiness in muscles.
            A reputed Sanskrit scholar Shri K.Pattabhi Jois enlightened
            the western masses about yoga as a style of workout. He
            also introduced the yogic philosophies to them. Power yoga
(20)      is an abridged form of Ashtanga yoga. In Power Yoga the
            yogi needs only to perform the basic postures like Bikram
            yoga, which is an energy booster. It can easily be performed
            by newcomers in the field also. It enhances the body
            language, improves stamina and even flexibility level if one
(25)       can hold the postures longer. Power yoga involves yogic
            postures with synchronized breathing styles. Every action
            involves abundant elegance and dignity of postures. The
            fixation of concentration helps one to focus.
            An irregular Power Yoga may have free flowing dance like
(30)      movements. While a regular power yogi is able to contour
            his every limb impeccably and elegantly with profound
            peace and concentration in his eyes, the perfection in
            power yoga is a slow and tedious process. A few postures
            cannot be held by the uninitiated even for five breaths.
(35)      The session begins with a warm up, stretching muscles as
            a follow up. Its unusual aspect is that it is done in a heated
            room to achieve maximum muscle flexibility. The
            newcomers can feel the stretch hard for a few days. So,
            a few body-conditioning sessions are given before
(40)      initiation.

Passage 2

            Yoga has taken the limelight and many people have learnt
            the advantages of indulgence in it. In India since primeval
            times yoga has yielded health to yogis. People have
            inculcated regular yoga regime in their lives. It has since
(5)        enriched the lives of people on other lands also. Being an
            eastern concept, it took time before enveloping the western
            people in its stride.
            It helps cope with common ailments like bronchitis,
            constipation, stress and mental imbalance; even fatal
(10)      diseases like cancer can be cured. It revitalizes the lost
            immunity. The splendid news is that yoga today needs no
            long hours training. It only needs a consistent routine of
            forty five minutes daily. These forty five minutes if spent
            regularly can work wonders with your health. Yoga can
(15)      have a profound effect on our life style. In this chaotic
            materialistic world where tension surrounds everyone
            everywhere, a session of yoga can be a stress buster. It
            enhances concentration and helps those out of shape or
            obese. It briskly burns the calorie count and sheds the extra
(20)      flab from the body. No doubt it has gained ever- increasing
            popularity.
            Though yoga is said to have existed since commencement
            of the civilization, no potent proof supports this claim. The
            ancient seals show yogic postures taking yoga’s infancy to
(25)      around 3000 B.C. It has commendable mention in Upanishads,
            Vedas and the Gita. The Gita propagates Bhakti Yoga,
            Jnana Yoga and Karma Yoga. So we can attribute yoga to
            be the oldest practice of self enhancement. The classic
            version includes postures, meditation and breathing controls.
(30)      Meditation has been a unified part of yogic philosophy.
            Through it a mortal can have spiritual awakening. It relaxes
            us and awakens our consciousness. This simplistic technique
            has allured many in this fast paced world to rejuvenate their
           lives.