Reading Comprehension

Which of the following is the best revision of the underlined portion of sentence no. (8) below?

A man cannot be a good citizen nor do himself justice as an individual

Directions: Read the passage and select the best answer for the question:

(1) It is necessary to have a standard of education. (2) We can set two sorts of standards there. (3) First, a minimum standard below which no one is allowed to fall, in the shape of so many years of elementary education in such and such subjects. (4) And secondly, and in a way even more important, a standard of equal opportunity for all, to ensure that no boy or girl is deprived of the chance of climbing to the top of the educational ladder through poverty or the accidents of birth. (5) There are also standards of economic security. (6) During the recent past, the sense of insecurity has been the single greatest cause, both of individual anxiety and frustration, and social instability and unrest. (7) A state must see to it that it gives to all its citizens minimum standards of security against ill health against unemployment against widowhood, against old age. (8) A man cannot be a good citizen nor do himself justice as an individual if he lives in a nightmare of frustration and anxiety about losing his job.
(9) Issues of social security are, therefore, interlinked. (10) This is irrespective of whether they are in the field of basic education, basic health, employment or even protection against economic needs arising out of old age, disability etc. (11) The state expenditure on social security is bound to fall back upon the shoulders of the society at large. (12) A society that cannot take due care of such basic needs of each and every of its members is not fit to be called in the true sense of the term.

Which of the following is the best revision of the underlined portion of sentence no. (11) below?

is bound to fall back upon the shoulders of

Directions: Read the passage and select the best answer for the question:

(1) It is necessary to have a standard of education. (2) We can set two sorts of standards there. (3) First, a minimum standard below which no one is allowed to fall, in the shape of so many years of elementary education in such and such subjects. (4) And secondly, and in a way even more important, a standard of equal opportunity for all, to ensure that no boy or girl is deprived of the chance of climbing to the top of the educational ladder through poverty or the accidents of birth. (5) There are also standards of economic security. (6) During the recent past, the sense of insecurity has been the single greatest cause, both of individual anxiety and frustration, and social instability and unrest. (7) A state must see to it that it gives to all its citizens minimum standards of security against ill health against unemployment against widowhood, against old age. (8) A man cannot be a good citizen nor do himself justice as an individual if he lives in a nightmare of frustration and anxiety about losing his job.
(9) Issues of social security are, therefore, interlinked. (10) This is irrespective of whether they are in the field of basic education, basic health, employment or even protection against economic needs arising out of old age, disability etc. (11) The state expenditure on social security is bound to fall back upon the shoulders of the society at large. (12) A society that cannot take due care of such basic needs of each and every of its members is not fit to be called in the true sense of the term.

Which of the following is the best revision of the underlined portion of sentence no. (7) below?

A state must see to it that it gives to all its citizens minimum standards of security against ill health against unemployment against widowhood, against old age.

Directions: Read the passage and select the best answer for the question:

(1) It is necessary to have a standard of education. (2) We can set two sorts of standards there. (3) First, a minimum standard below which no one is allowed to fall, in the shape of so many years of elementary education in such and such subjects. (4) And secondly, and in a way even more important, a standard of equal opportunity for all, to ensure that no boy or girl is deprived of the chance of climbing to the top of the educational ladder through poverty or the accidents of birth. (5) There are also standards of economic security. (6) During the recent past, the sense of insecurity has been the single greatest cause, both of individual anxiety and frustration, and social instability and unrest. (7) A state must see to it that it gives to all its citizens minimum standards of security against ill health against unemployment against widowhood, against old age. (8) A man cannot be a good citizen nor do himself justice as an individual if he lives in a nightmare of frustration and anxiety about losing his job.
(9) Issues of social security are, therefore, interlinked. (10) This is irrespective of whether they are in the field of basic education, basic health, employment or even protection against economic needs arising out of old age, disability etc. (11) The state expenditure on social security is bound to fall back upon the shoulders of the society at large. (12) A society that cannot take due care of such basic needs of each and every of its members is not fit to be called in the true sense of the term.

What is the best way to combine sentences no. (9) and (10)?

Directions: Read the passage and select the best answer for the question:

(1) It is necessary to have a standard of education. (2) We can set two sorts of standards there. (3) First, a minimum standard below which no one is allowed to fall, in the shape of so many years of elementary education in such and such subjects. (4) And secondly, and in a way even more important, a standard of equal opportunity for all, to ensure that no boy or girl is deprived of the chance of climbing to the top of the educational ladder through poverty or the accidents of birth. (5) There are also standards of economic security. (6) During the recent past, the sense of insecurity has been the single greatest cause, both of individual anxiety and frustration, and social instability and unrest. (7) A state must see to it that it gives to all its citizens minimum standards of security against ill health against unemployment against widowhood, against old age. (8) A man cannot be a good citizen nor do himself justice as an individual if he lives in a nightmare of frustration and anxiety about losing his job.
(9) Issues of social security are, therefore, interlinked. (10) This is irrespective of whether they are in the field of basic education, basic health, employment or even protection against economic needs arising out of old age, disability etc. (11) The state expenditure on social security is bound to fall back upon the shoulders of the society at large. (12) A society that cannot take due care of such basic needs of each and every of its members is not fit to be called in the true sense of the term.

Including a paragraph on which of the following would most strengthen the writer's argument?

Directions: Read the passage and select the best answer for the question:

(1) It is necessary to have a standard of education. (2) We can set two sorts of standards there. (3) First, a minimum standard below which no one is allowed to fall, in the shape of so many years of elementary education in such and such subjects. (4) And secondly, and in a way even more important, a standard of equal opportunity for all, to ensure that no boy or girl is deprived of the chance of climbing to the top of the educational ladder through poverty or the accidents of birth. (5) There are also standards of economic security. (6) During the recent past, the sense of insecurity has been the single greatest cause, both of individual anxiety and frustration, and social instability and unrest. (7) A state must see to it that it gives to all its citizens minimum standards of security against ill health against unemployment against widowhood, against old age. (8) A man cannot be a good citizen nor do himself justice as an individual if he lives in a nightmare of frustration and anxiety about losing his job.
(9) Issues of social security are, therefore, interlinked. (10) This is irrespective of whether they are in the field of basic education, basic health, employment or even protection against economic needs arising out of old age, disability etc. (11) The state expenditure on social security is bound to fall back upon the shoulders of the society at large. (12) A society that cannot take due care of such basic needs of each and every of its members is not fit to be called in the true sense of the term.

Which of the following could be inserted at the beginning of sentence (14) to clarify the relationship between sentences (13) and (14) below?

Directions: Read the passage and select the best answer for the question:

(1) There is something humbling to human pride in a rustic life. (2) It grates against the heart to think of the tone in which we unconsciously permit ourselves to address a rustic. (3) We see in him humanity in its simplest state. (4) It is a sad thought to feel that we despise him; that all we respect in our species is what has been created by art; the gaudy dress, the glittering equipage, or even the cultivated intellect. (5) The mere and naked material of nature we eye with in difference, or trample on with disdain. (6) Poor child of toil, from the gray dawn to the setting sun one long test of endurance. (7) No ideas elicited, no thought awakened beyond those that suffice to make him the machine of others, the serf of the hard soil. (8) And then too, mark how we frown upon his scanty holidays, how we hedge in his mirth, and how we turn hilarity into crime. (9) We make the whole of the gay world, wherein we take our snares and perils to him a place of pleasure. (10) Do we not mistake the idyllic, unaffected rustic charm for uncouth, inelegant artlessness?
(11) Why not look upon the whole issue from the other angle – the viewpoint of the ‘observed’? (12) How did the rustic view the uptown gentry? (13) The view will surely not be very flattering. (14) The ‘rustic’ has the civility to ‘waive off’ such ‘reckless’ opinions about the urban folk and restrict himself to the upkeep of values only on his own part.

Which of the following is the best revision of the underlined portion of sentence no. (5) below?

The mere and naked material of nature we eye with in difference, or trample on with disdain.

Directions: Read the passage and select the best answer for the question:

(1) There is something humbling to human pride in a rustic life. (2) It grates against the heart to think of the tone in which we unconsciously permit ourselves to address a rustic. (3) We see in him humanity in its simplest state. (4) It is a sad thought to feel that we despise him; that all we respect in our species is what has been created by art; the gaudy dress, the glittering equipage, or even the cultivated intellect. (5) The mere and naked material of nature we eye with in difference, or trample on with disdain. (6) Poor child of toil, from the gray dawn to the setting sun one long test of endurance. (7) No ideas elicited, no thought awakened beyond those that suffice to make him the machine of others, the serf of the hard soil. (8) And then too, mark how we frown upon his scanty holidays, how we hedge in his mirth, and how we turn hilarity into crime. (9) We make the whole of the gay world, wherein we take our snares and perils to him a place of pleasure. (10) Do we not mistake the idyllic, unaffected rustic charm for uncouth, inelegant artlessness?
(11) Why not look upon the whole issue from the other angle – the viewpoint of the ‘observed’? (12) How did the rustic view the uptown gentry? (13) The view will surely not be very flattering. (14) The ‘rustic’ has the civility to ‘waive off’ such ‘reckless’ opinions about the urban folk and restrict himself to the upkeep of values only on his own part.

Which of the following if placed after sentence (14) will be the most effective concluding sentence for the passage?

Directions: Read the passage and select the best answer for the question:

(1) There is something humbling to human pride in a rustic life. (2) It grates against the heart to think of the tone in which we unconsciously permit ourselves to address a rustic. (3) We see in him humanity in its simplest state. (4) It is a sad thought to feel that we despise him; that all we respect in our species is what has been created by art; the gaudy dress, the glittering equipage, or even the cultivated intellect. (5) The mere and naked material of nature we eye with in difference, or trample on with disdain. (6) Poor child of toil, from the gray dawn to the setting sun one long test of endurance. (7) No ideas elicited, no thought awakened beyond those that suffice to make him the machine of others, the serf of the hard soil. (8) And then too, mark how we frown upon his scanty holidays, how we hedge in his mirth, and how we turn hilarity into crime. (9) We make the whole of the gay world, wherein we take our snares and perils to him a place of pleasure. (10) Do we not mistake the idyllic, unaffected rustic charm for uncouth, inelegant artlessness?
(11) Why not look upon the whole issue from the other angle – the viewpoint of the ‘observed’? (12) How did the rustic view the uptown gentry? (13) The view will surely not be very flattering. (14) The ‘rustic’ has the civility to ‘waive off’ such ‘reckless’ opinions about the urban folk and restrict himself to the upkeep of values only on his own part.

What is the best way to deal with sentence (12)?

Directions: Read the passage and select the best answer for the question:

(1) There is something humbling to human pride in a rustic life. (2) It grates against the heart to think of the tone in which we unconsciously permit ourselves to address a rustic. (3) We see in him humanity in its simplest state. (4) It is a sad thought to feel that we despise him; that all we respect in our species is what has been created by art; the gaudy dress, the glittering equipage, or even the cultivated intellect. (5) The mere and naked material of nature we eye with in difference, or trample on with disdain. (6) Poor child of toil, from the gray dawn to the setting sun one long test of endurance. (7) No ideas elicited, no thought awakened beyond those that suffice to make him the machine of others, the serf of the hard soil. (8) And then too, mark how we frown upon his scanty holidays, how we hedge in his mirth, and how we turn hilarity into crime. (9) We make the whole of the gay world, wherein we take our snares and perils to him a place of pleasure. (10) Do we not mistake the idyllic, unaffected rustic charm for uncouth, inelegant artlessness?
(11) Why not look upon the whole issue from the other angle – the viewpoint of the ‘observed’? (12) How did the rustic view the uptown gentry? (13) The view will surely not be very flattering. (14) The ‘rustic’ has the civility to ‘waive off’ such ‘reckless’ opinions about the urban folk and restrict himself to the upkeep of values only on his own part.

Which of the following is the best revision of the underlined portion of sentence no. (8) below?

how we frown upon his scanty holidays, how we hedge in his mirth, and how we turn hilarity into crime.

Directions: Read the passage and select the best answer for the question:

(1) There is something humbling to human pride in a rustic life. (2) It grates against the heart to think of the tone in which we unconsciously permit ourselves to address a rustic. (3) We see in him humanity in its simplest state. (4) It is a sad thought to feel that we despise him; that all we respect in our species is what has been created by art; the gaudy dress, the glittering equipage, or even the cultivated intellect. (5) The mere and naked material of nature we eye with in difference, or trample on with disdain. (6) Poor child of toil, from the gray dawn to the setting sun one long test of endurance. (7) No ideas elicited, no thought awakened beyond those that suffice to make him the machine of others, the serf of the hard soil. (8) And then too, mark how we frown upon his scanty holidays, how we hedge in his mirth, and how we turn hilarity into crime. (9) We make the whole of the gay world, wherein we take our snares and perils to him a place of pleasure. (10) Do we not mistake the idyllic, unaffected rustic charm for uncouth, inelegant artlessness?
(11) Why not look upon the whole issue from the other angle – the viewpoint of the ‘observed’? (12) How did the rustic view the uptown gentry? (13) The view will surely not be very flattering. (14) The ‘rustic’ has the civility to ‘waive off’ such ‘reckless’ opinions about the urban folk and restrict himself to the upkeep of values only on his own part.

Which of the following is the best revision of the underlined portion of sentence no. (7) below?

No ideas elicited, no thought awakened beyond those that suffice to make him the machine of others, the serf of the hard soil.

Directions: Read the passage and select the best answer for the question:

(1) There is something humbling to human pride in a rustic life. (2) It grates against the heart to think of the tone in which we unconsciously permit ourselves to address a rustic. (3) We see in him humanity in its simplest state. (4) It is a sad thought to feel that we despise him; that all we respect in our species is what has been created by art; the gaudy dress, the glittering equipage, or even the cultivated intellect. (5) The mere and naked material of nature we eye with in difference, or trample on with disdain. (6) Poor child of toil, from the gray dawn to the setting sun one long test of endurance. (7) No ideas elicited, no thought awakened beyond those that suffice to make him the machine of others, the serf of the hard soil. (8) And then too, mark how we frown upon his scanty holidays, how we hedge in his mirth, and how we turn hilarity into crime. (9) We make the whole of the gay world, wherein we take our snares and perils to him a place of pleasure. (10) Do we not mistake the idyllic, unaffected rustic charm for uncouth, inelegant artlessness?
(11) Why not look upon the whole issue from the other angle – the viewpoint of the ‘observed’? (12) How did the rustic view the uptown gentry? (13) The view will surely not be very flattering. (14) The ‘rustic’ has the civility to ‘waive off’ such ‘reckless’ opinions about the urban folk and restrict himself to the upkeep of values only on his own part.

Which of the following best replaces the word 'this' in sentence (6)?

Directions: Read the passage and select the best answer for the question:

(1) Research in education has of recent years turned its attention to the problem of assessing a student’s progress as accurately as possible. (2) Only when this is done, can a meaningful course of study be laid down and a student helped to recognize his difficulties and overcome it. (3) But, despite all the new thinking on this subject, there is still no acceptable alternative to the examination. (4) There have been remarkable advances in analyzing the process of learning and in framing tests and maintaining week to week records which provide the teacher with valuable information about the progress of his class and of each individual in it. (5) Whether it be at the end of term, or the year, or at the end of a school course or for the purpose of choosing candidates for a course of study and training, the only practicable way of measuring a student’s performance or of assessing his potential is by an examination, supplemented where necessary, by recommendation, interview and other devices.
(6) The most unfortunate by-product of this has been the proliferation of study notes, guides to passing examination, model answers, hints for writing essays and similar travesties of education. (7) There is no need to engage on the unethical nature of these publications. (8) From the student’s point of view a rigorous censorship of this kind of publication would be a great advantage. (9) For one thing these ‘notes’ promote the habit of rote learning. (10) For the other, they are priced more highly than the poems of Wordsworth or the plays of Shakespeare. (11) They are not worth the paper they are printed on.

Which of the following is the best revision of the underlined portion of sentence no. (1) below?

Research in education has of recent years turned its attention to

Directions: Read the passage and select the best answer for the question:

(1) Research in education has of recent years turned its attention to the problem of assessing a student’s progress as accurately as possible. (2) Only when this is done, can a meaningful course of study be laid down and a student helped to recognize his difficulties and overcome it. (3) But, despite all the new thinking on this subject, there is still no acceptable alternative to the examination. (4) There have been remarkable advances in analyzing the process of learning and in framing tests and maintaining week to week records which provide the teacher with valuable information about the progress of his class and of each individual in it. (5) Whether it be at the end of term, or the year, or at the end of a school course or for the purpose of choosing candidates for a course of study and training, the only practicable way of measuring a student’s performance or of assessing his potential is by an examination, supplemented where necessary, by recommendation, interview and other devices.
(6) The most unfortunate by-product of this has been the proliferation of study notes, guides to passing examination, model answers, hints for writing essays and similar travesties of education. (7) There is no need to engage on the unethical nature of these publications. (8) From the student’s point of view a rigorous censorship of this kind of publication would be a great advantage. (9) For one thing these ‘notes’ promote the habit of rote learning. (10) For the other, they are priced more highly than the poems of Wordsworth or the plays of Shakespeare. (11) They are not worth the paper they are printed on.

In context what is the best way to deal with sentence (3)?

Directions: Read the passage and select the best answer for the question:

(1) Research in education has of recent years turned its attention to the problem of assessing a student’s progress as accurately as possible. (2) Only when this is done, can a meaningful course of study be laid down and a student helped to recognize his difficulties and overcome it. (3) But, despite all the new thinking on this subject, there is still no acceptable alternative to the examination. (4) There have been remarkable advances in analyzing the process of learning and in framing tests and maintaining week to week records which provide the teacher with valuable information about the progress of his class and of each individual in it. (5) Whether it be at the end of term, or the year, or at the end of a school course or for the purpose of choosing candidates for a course of study and training, the only practicable way of measuring a student’s performance or of assessing his potential is by an examination, supplemented where necessary, by recommendation, interview and other devices.
(6) The most unfortunate by-product of this has been the proliferation of study notes, guides to passing examination, model answers, hints for writing essays and similar travesties of education. (7) There is no need to engage on the unethical nature of these publications. (8) From the student’s point of view a rigorous censorship of this kind of publication would be a great advantage. (9) For one thing these ‘notes’ promote the habit of rote learning. (10) For the other, they are priced more highly than the poems of Wordsworth or the plays of Shakespeare. (11) They are not worth the paper they are printed on.

Which of the following if placed after sentence (11) will be the most effective concluding sentence for the passage?

Directions: Read the passage and select the best answer for the question:

(1) Research in education has of recent years turned its attention to the problem of assessing a student’s progress as accurately as possible. (2) Only when this is done, can a meaningful course of study be laid down and a student helped to recognize his difficulties and overcome it. (3) But, despite all the new thinking on this subject, there is still no acceptable alternative to the examination. (4) There have been remarkable advances in analyzing the process of learning and in framing tests and maintaining week to week records which provide the teacher with valuable information about the progress of his class and of each individual in it. (5) Whether it be at the end of term, or the year, or at the end of a school course or for the purpose of choosing candidates for a course of study and training, the only practicable way of measuring a student’s performance or of assessing his potential is by an examination, supplemented where necessary, by recommendation, interview and other devices.
(6) The most unfortunate by-product of this has been the proliferation of study notes, guides to passing examination, model answers, hints for writing essays and similar travesties of education. (7) There is no need to engage on the unethical nature of these publications. (8) From the student’s point of view a rigorous censorship of this kind of publication would be a great advantage. (9) For one thing these ‘notes’ promote the habit of rote learning. (10) For the other, they are priced more highly than the poems of Wordsworth or the plays of Shakespeare. (11) They are not worth the paper they are printed on.