Reading Comprehension

Why do small and medium scale industries look for help from India's machine tool industry?

Directions: Read the following passage and then answer the question that follows:

Now another aspect of the complete scenario: imports.
Today the import duty on a complete machine is 30% for all practical purpose, whereas the import duty on raw materials and components ranges from 35.85%. The story does not end here. After paying such high import duties on component, once a machine is made, it suffers excise duty from 5% – 10% (including on the customs duty already paid). At the time of sale, the machine tools suffer further taxation, i.e. central sales tax or State sales taxes which range from 4% – 16%. This much for the tax angle. Another factor, which pushes the cost of manufacture of machine tools, is the very high rate of interest payable to banks ranging up to 22%, as against 4%–7% prevailing in advanced countries.
The production of machine tools in India being not of the same scale as it is in other countries, the price which India's machine tool builders have to pay for components is more or less based on pattern of high pricing applicable to the prices of spares.
The machines tool industry in India has an enviable record of very quick technology absorption, assimilation and development. It will be a pity, in fact a tragedy, if we allow this industry to die and disappear from the scene.
It is to be noted that India is at least 6500 km away from any dependable source of supply of machine tools. The Government of India has always given a great deal of importance to the development of small scale and medium scale industries. This industry has also performed pretty well. Today, they are in need of help from India's machine tool industry to enable them to produce quality components at reduced costs.
Then, what is it that the industry request from the Government? It wants a level playing field. In fact, all of us must have a deep introspection and recognize the fact that the machine tool industry has a very special place in the country from the point of strategic and vital interest of the nation. Most important, it requests for the Government's consideration and understanding. It is therefore high time that the government gives the due attention to this industry which has a good potential.

Kejriwal studied for a degree in

Directions: Read the passage below and answer the question given underneath. 

Arvin Kejriwal is a politician from India and a former civil servant. He also served as the 7^th Chief Minister of Delhi and is also the leader of the Aam Aadmi Party.
Kejriwal graduated from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur and then went on to work for the Indian Revenue Service as a Joint Commissioner in the Income Tax Department. He was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Emergent Leadership in 2006, which recognised his involvement in a grass-roots movement which made use of the Right to Information Act in a campaign against corruption. He then went on to resign from the Indian Revenue Service and donated all the award money to fund and found the Public Cause Research Foundation which is a non-governmental organisation.
Starting in 2012, he launched the Aam Aadmi Party. In the 2013, he ousted incumbent Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit in the Delhi Legislative Assembly election of that year. He took office as Delhi’s Chief Minister on December 28, 2013, but resigned 49 days later on February 14, 2014. He states that he resigned because of his government’s inability to pass the anti-corruption legislation he had proposed. This was due to the lack of support from other political parties, chiefly Congress and Bhartiya Janata Pary (BJP).
He was born on August 6, 1968 in Siwani, Bhiwani district in the state of Haryana to a middle class family. He was the first of three children by parents Gobind Ram Kejriwal and Gita Devi. His father was an electrical engineer by trade who graduated from the Birla Institute of Technology in Mesra. Because of his father’s job, the family moved many times throughout Kejriwal’s childhood. Much of his childhood was spent in North India, specifically in the towns of Sonipat, Ghaziabad and Hisar. He was educated at Campus School, located in Hisar and then went to a Christian missionary school in Sonipat. He attended and graduated with a degree in mechanical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur. Afterwards, he was employed by Tata Steel in 1989 and worked in Jamshedpur. In 1992, he resigned from his position and took time to study for the Civil Services Examination. He then spent time in Kolkata studying at the Ramakrishna Mission as well as the Nehru Yuva Kendra.

Why did Kejriwal resign from his post in Tata Steel?

Directions: Read the passage below and answer the question given underneath. 

Arvin Kejriwal is a politician from India and a former civil servant. He also served as the 7^th Chief Minister of Delhi and is also the leader of the Aam Aadmi Party.
Kejriwal graduated from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur and then went on to work for the Indian Revenue Service as a Joint Commissioner in the Income Tax Department. He was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Emergent Leadership in 2006, which recognised his involvement in a grass-roots movement which made use of the Right to Information Act in a campaign against corruption. He then went on to resign from the Indian Revenue Service and donated all the award money to fund and found the Public Cause Research Foundation which is a non-governmental organisation.
Starting in 2012, he launched the Aam Aadmi Party. In the 2013, he ousted incumbent Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit in the Delhi Legislative Assembly election of that year. He took office as Delhi’s Chief Minister on December 28, 2013, but resigned 49 days later on February 14, 2014. He states that he resigned because of his government’s inability to pass the anti-corruption legislation he had proposed. This was due to the lack of support from other political parties, chiefly Congress and Bhartiya Janata Pary (BJP).
He was born on August 6, 1968 in Siwani, Bhiwani district in the state of Haryana to a middle class family. He was the first of three children by parents Gobind Ram Kejriwal and Gita Devi. His father was an electrical engineer by trade who graduated from the Birla Institute of Technology in Mesra. Because of his father’s job, the family moved many times throughout Kejriwal’s childhood. Much of his childhood was spent in North India, specifically in the towns of Sonipat, Ghaziabad and Hisar. He was educated at Campus School, located in Hisar and then went to a Christian missionary school in Sonipat. He attended and graduated with a degree in mechanical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur. Afterwards, he was employed by Tata Steel in 1989 and worked in Jamshedpur. In 1992, he resigned from his position and took time to study for the Civil Services Examination. He then spent time in Kolkata studying at the Ramakrishna Mission as well as the Nehru Yuva Kendra.

Why did Kejriwal resign as the Chief Minister of Delhi?

Directions: Read the passage below and answer the question given underneath. 

Arvin Kejriwal is a politician from India and a former civil servant. He also served as the 7^th Chief Minister of Delhi and is also the leader of the Aam Aadmi Party.
Kejriwal graduated from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur and then went on to work for the Indian Revenue Service as a Joint Commissioner in the Income Tax Department. He was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Emergent Leadership in 2006, which recognised his involvement in a grass-roots movement which made use of the Right to Information Act in a campaign against corruption. He then went on to resign from the Indian Revenue Service and donated all the award money to fund and found the Public Cause Research Foundation which is a non-governmental organisation.
Starting in 2012, he launched the Aam Aadmi Party. In the 2013, he ousted incumbent Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit in the Delhi Legislative Assembly election of that year. He took office as Delhi’s Chief Minister on December 28, 2013, but resigned 49 days later on February 14, 2014. He states that he resigned because of his government’s inability to pass the anti-corruption legislation he had proposed. This was due to the lack of support from other political parties, chiefly Congress and Bhartiya Janata Pary (BJP).
He was born on August 6, 1968 in Siwani, Bhiwani district in the state of Haryana to a middle class family. He was the first of three children by parents Gobind Ram Kejriwal and Gita Devi. His father was an electrical engineer by trade who graduated from the Birla Institute of Technology in Mesra. Because of his father’s job, the family moved many times throughout Kejriwal’s childhood. Much of his childhood was spent in North India, specifically in the towns of Sonipat, Ghaziabad and Hisar. He was educated at Campus School, located in Hisar and then went to a Christian missionary school in Sonipat. He attended and graduated with a degree in mechanical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur. Afterwards, he was employed by Tata Steel in 1989 and worked in Jamshedpur. In 1992, he resigned from his position and took time to study for the Civil Services Examination. He then spent time in Kolkata studying at the Ramakrishna Mission as well as the Nehru Yuva Kendra.

Where did Arvind Kejriwal serve as Chief Minister?

Directions: Read the passage below and answer the question given underneath. 

Arvin Kejriwal is a politician from India and a former civil servant. He also served as the 7^th Chief Minister of Delhi and is also the leader of the Aam Aadmi Party.
Kejriwal graduated from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur and then went on to work for the Indian Revenue Service as a Joint Commissioner in the Income Tax Department. He was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Emergent Leadership in 2006, which recognised his involvement in a grass-roots movement which made use of the Right to Information Act in a campaign against corruption. He then went on to resign from the Indian Revenue Service and donated all the award money to fund and found the Public Cause Research Foundation which is a non-governmental organisation.
Starting in 2012, he launched the Aam Aadmi Party. In the 2013, he ousted incumbent Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit in the Delhi Legislative Assembly election of that year. He took office as Delhi’s Chief Minister on December 28, 2013, but resigned 49 days later on February 14, 2014. He states that he resigned because of his government’s inability to pass the anti-corruption legislation he had proposed. This was due to the lack of support from other political parties, chiefly Congress and Bhartiya Janata Pary (BJP).
He was born on August 6, 1968 in Siwani, Bhiwani district in the state of Haryana to a middle class family. He was the first of three children by parents Gobind Ram Kejriwal and Gita Devi. His father was an electrical engineer by trade who graduated from the Birla Institute of Technology in Mesra. Because of his father’s job, the family moved many times throughout Kejriwal’s childhood. Much of his childhood was spent in North India, specifically in the towns of Sonipat, Ghaziabad and Hisar. He was educated at Campus School, located in Hisar and then went to a Christian missionary school in Sonipat. He attended and graduated with a degree in mechanical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur. Afterwards, he was employed by Tata Steel in 1989 and worked in Jamshedpur. In 1992, he resigned from his position and took time to study for the Civil Services Examination. He then spent time in Kolkata studying at the Ramakrishna Mission as well as the Nehru Yuva Kendra.

What school did Kejriwal earn his degree from?

Directions: Read the passage below and answer the question given underneath. 

Arvin Kejriwal is a politician from India and a former civil servant. He also served as the 7^th Chief Minister of Delhi and is also the leader of the Aam Aadmi Party.
Kejriwal graduated from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur and then went on to work for the Indian Revenue Service as a Joint Commissioner in the Income Tax Department. He was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Emergent Leadership in 2006, which recognised his involvement in a grass-roots movement which made use of the Right to Information Act in a campaign against corruption. He then went on to resign from the Indian Revenue Service and donated all the award money to fund and found the Public Cause Research Foundation which is a non-governmental organisation.
Starting in 2012, he launched the Aam Aadmi Party. In the 2013, he ousted incumbent Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit in the Delhi Legislative Assembly election of that year. He took office as Delhi’s Chief Minister on December 28, 2013, but resigned 49 days later on February 14, 2014. He states that he resigned because of his government’s inability to pass the anti-corruption legislation he had proposed. This was due to the lack of support from other political parties, chiefly Congress and Bhartiya Janata Pary (BJP).
He was born on August 6, 1968 in Siwani, Bhiwani district in the state of Haryana to a middle class family. He was the first of three children by parents Gobind Ram Kejriwal and Gita Devi. His father was an electrical engineer by trade who graduated from the Birla Institute of Technology in Mesra. Because of his father’s job, the family moved many times throughout Kejriwal’s childhood. Much of his childhood was spent in North India, specifically in the towns of Sonipat, Ghaziabad and Hisar. He was educated at Campus School, located in Hisar and then went to a Christian missionary school in Sonipat. He attended and graduated with a degree in mechanical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur. Afterwards, he was employed by Tata Steel in 1989 and worked in Jamshedpur. In 1992, he resigned from his position and took time to study for the Civil Services Examination. He then spent time in Kolkata studying at the Ramakrishna Mission as well as the Nehru Yuva Kendra.

Which political party did Arvind Kejriwal represent in the 2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election?

Directions: Read the passage below and answer the question given underneath. 

Arvin Kejriwal is a politician from India and a former civil servant. He also served as the 7^th Chief Minister of Delhi and is also the leader of the Aam Aadmi Party.
Kejriwal graduated from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur and then went on to work for the Indian Revenue Service as a Joint Commissioner in the Income Tax Department. He was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Emergent Leadership in 2006, which recognised his involvement in a grass-roots movement which made use of the Right to Information Act in a campaign against corruption. He then went on to resign from the Indian Revenue Service and donated all the award money to fund and found the Public Cause Research Foundation which is a non-governmental organisation.
Starting in 2012, he launched the Aam Aadmi Party. In the 2013, he ousted incumbent Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit in the Delhi Legislative Assembly election of that year. He took office as Delhi’s Chief Minister on December 28, 2013, but resigned 49 days later on February 14, 2014. He states that he resigned because of his government’s inability to pass the anti-corruption legislation he had proposed. This was due to the lack of support from other political parties, chiefly Congress and Bhartiya Janata Pary (BJP).
He was born on August 6, 1968 in Siwani, Bhiwani district in the state of Haryana to a middle class family. He was the first of three children by parents Gobind Ram Kejriwal and Gita Devi. His father was an electrical engineer by trade who graduated from the Birla Institute of Technology in Mesra. Because of his father’s job, the family moved many times throughout Kejriwal’s childhood. Much of his childhood was spent in North India, specifically in the towns of Sonipat, Ghaziabad and Hisar. He was educated at Campus School, located in Hisar and then went to a Christian missionary school in Sonipat. He attended and graduated with a degree in mechanical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur. Afterwards, he was employed by Tata Steel in 1989 and worked in Jamshedpur. In 1992, he resigned from his position and took time to study for the Civil Services Examination. He then spent time in Kolkata studying at the Ramakrishna Mission as well as the Nehru Yuva Kendra.

What reason is given for Kejriwal's anti-corruption legislation not being passed?

Directions: Read the passage below and answer the question given underneath. 

Arvin Kejriwal is a politician from India and a former civil servant. He also served as the 7^th Chief Minister of Delhi and is also the leader of the Aam Aadmi Party.
Kejriwal graduated from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur and then went on to work for the Indian Revenue Service as a Joint Commissioner in the Income Tax Department. He was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Emergent Leadership in 2006, which recognised his involvement in a grass-roots movement which made use of the Right to Information Act in a campaign against corruption. He then went on to resign from the Indian Revenue Service and donated all the award money to fund and found the Public Cause Research Foundation which is a non-governmental organisation.
Starting in 2012, he launched the Aam Aadmi Party. In the 2013, he ousted incumbent Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit in the Delhi Legislative Assembly election of that year. He took office as Delhi’s Chief Minister on December 28, 2013, but resigned 49 days later on February 14, 2014. He states that he resigned because of his government’s inability to pass the anti-corruption legislation he had proposed. This was due to the lack of support from other political parties, chiefly Congress and Bhartiya Janata Pary (BJP).
He was born on August 6, 1968 in Siwani, Bhiwani district in the state of Haryana to a middle class family. He was the first of three children by parents Gobind Ram Kejriwal and Gita Devi. His father was an electrical engineer by trade who graduated from the Birla Institute of Technology in Mesra. Because of his father’s job, the family moved many times throughout Kejriwal’s childhood. Much of his childhood was spent in North India, specifically in the towns of Sonipat, Ghaziabad and Hisar. He was educated at Campus School, located in Hisar and then went to a Christian missionary school in Sonipat. He attended and graduated with a degree in mechanical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur. Afterwards, he was employed by Tata Steel in 1989 and worked in Jamshedpur. In 1992, he resigned from his position and took time to study for the Civil Services Examination. He then spent time in Kolkata studying at the Ramakrishna Mission as well as the Nehru Yuva Kendra.

Where did Kejriwal spend much of his childhood?

Directions: Read the passage below and answer the question given underneath. 

Arvin Kejriwal is a politician from India and a former civil servant. He also served as the 7^th Chief Minister of Delhi and is also the leader of the Aam Aadmi Party.
Kejriwal graduated from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur and then went on to work for the Indian Revenue Service as a Joint Commissioner in the Income Tax Department. He was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Emergent Leadership in 2006, which recognised his involvement in a grass-roots movement which made use of the Right to Information Act in a campaign against corruption. He then went on to resign from the Indian Revenue Service and donated all the award money to fund and found the Public Cause Research Foundation which is a non-governmental organisation.
Starting in 2012, he launched the Aam Aadmi Party. In the 2013, he ousted incumbent Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit in the Delhi Legislative Assembly election of that year. He took office as Delhi’s Chief Minister on December 28, 2013, but resigned 49 days later on February 14, 2014. He states that he resigned because of his government’s inability to pass the anti-corruption legislation he had proposed. This was due to the lack of support from other political parties, chiefly Congress and Bhartiya Janata Pary (BJP).
He was born on August 6, 1968 in Siwani, Bhiwani district in the state of Haryana to a middle class family. He was the first of three children by parents Gobind Ram Kejriwal and Gita Devi. His father was an electrical engineer by trade who graduated from the Birla Institute of Technology in Mesra. Because of his father’s job, the family moved many times throughout Kejriwal’s childhood. Much of his childhood was spent in North India, specifically in the towns of Sonipat, Ghaziabad and Hisar. He was educated at Campus School, located in Hisar and then went to a Christian missionary school in Sonipat. He attended and graduated with a degree in mechanical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur. Afterwards, he was employed by Tata Steel in 1989 and worked in Jamshedpur. In 1992, he resigned from his position and took time to study for the Civil Services Examination. He then spent time in Kolkata studying at the Ramakrishna Mission as well as the Nehru Yuva Kendra.

Which organisation did Kejriwal form in 2006 using the funds he received as prize money?

Directions: Read the passage below and answer the question given underneath. 

Arvin Kejriwal is a politician from India and a former civil servant. He also served as the 7^th Chief Minister of Delhi and is also the leader of the Aam Aadmi Party.
Kejriwal graduated from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur and then went on to work for the Indian Revenue Service as a Joint Commissioner in the Income Tax Department. He was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Emergent Leadership in 2006, which recognised his involvement in a grass-roots movement which made use of the Right to Information Act in a campaign against corruption. He then went on to resign from the Indian Revenue Service and donated all the award money to fund and found the Public Cause Research Foundation which is a non-governmental organisation.
Starting in 2012, he launched the Aam Aadmi Party. In the 2013, he ousted incumbent Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit in the Delhi Legislative Assembly election of that year. He took office as Delhi’s Chief Minister on December 28, 2013, but resigned 49 days later on February 14, 2014. He states that he resigned because of his government’s inability to pass the anti-corruption legislation he had proposed. This was due to the lack of support from other political parties, chiefly Congress and Bhartiya Janata Pary (BJP).
He was born on August 6, 1968 in Siwani, Bhiwani district in the state of Haryana to a middle class family. He was the first of three children by parents Gobind Ram Kejriwal and Gita Devi. His father was an electrical engineer by trade who graduated from the Birla Institute of Technology in Mesra. Because of his father’s job, the family moved many times throughout Kejriwal’s childhood. Much of his childhood was spent in North India, specifically in the towns of Sonipat, Ghaziabad and Hisar. He was educated at Campus School, located in Hisar and then went to a Christian missionary school in Sonipat. He attended and graduated with a degree in mechanical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur. Afterwards, he was employed by Tata Steel in 1989 and worked in Jamshedpur. In 1992, he resigned from his position and took time to study for the Civil Services Examination. He then spent time in Kolkata studying at the Ramakrishna Mission as well as the Nehru Yuva Kendra.

According to the passage, what is the urban poor?

Directions:  Read the passage below and answer the question given underneath.
The urban poor are experiencing the same level of health as their equivalent in rural areas. Both communities have an equal status of poor health among their respective population. While there may be different characteristics for single population in different cities, they all share many common features which affect health status and social challenges. These include overcrowding, air pollution, tobacco use, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, alcohol and drug abuse, road injuries, etc. Other difficulties and challenges center on poor infrastructure which would include poor solid waste management, insufficient access to health care, particularly in slum areas. Most cities also face various challenges in terms of communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, maternal and child care issues, natural disasters and the threat of reemerging and emerging diseases. As per the UHRC, one in every ten children in the slums do not live upto the age of five years in India. Furthermore, nearly 42% of slum children receive recommended vaccinations. Over half of child births that take place among poor women occur at home in slums, which puts both the mother and the newborn at risk. Another risk factor is the poor sanitation found in slums, which contributes to the high rate of diseases. Two-thirds of urban poor households do not have access to toilets and nearly 50% do not have running water supplied to their homes.
Currently, the Indian health system is more focussed towards those poor in rural areas and it has an organisational structure that begins from the grass roots to tertiary care which is managed by dedicated staff. Unfortunately, there is a huge deficiency of services and structures in urban areas. To add to this, a very rapid growth of the urban population has overburdened the existing system. The majority of healthcare in cities is mainly served by private sector doctors and hospitals which tends to cost much higher and is not accessible to the most urban poor.

Why is there a deficiency of healthcare services and structure in urban areas for the urban population of poor people?

Directions:  Read the passage below and answer the question given underneath.
The urban poor are experiencing the same level of health as their equivalent in rural areas. Both communities have an equal status of poor health among their respective population. While there may be different characteristics for single population in different cities, they all share many common features which affect health status and social challenges. These include overcrowding, air pollution, tobacco use, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, alcohol and drug abuse, road injuries, etc. Other difficulties and challenges center on poor infrastructure which would include poor solid waste management, insufficient access to health care, particularly in slum areas. Most cities also face various challenges in terms of communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, maternal and child care issues, natural disasters and the threat of reemerging and emerging diseases. As per the UHRC, one in every ten children in the slums do not live upto the age of five years in India. Furthermore, nearly 42% of slum children receive recommended vaccinations. Over half of child births that take place among poor women occur at home in slums, which puts both the mother and the newborn at risk. Another risk factor is the poor sanitation found in slums, which contributes to the high rate of diseases. Two-thirds of urban poor households do not have access to toilets and nearly 50% do not have running water supplied to their homes.
Currently, the Indian health system is more focussed towards those poor in rural areas and it has an organisational structure that begins from the grass roots to tertiary care which is managed by dedicated staff. Unfortunately, there is a huge deficiency of services and structures in urban areas. To add to this, a very rapid growth of the urban population has overburdened the existing system. The majority of healthcare in cities is mainly served by private sector doctors and hospitals which tends to cost much higher and is not accessible to the most urban poor.

This passage explains that

Directions:  Read the passage below and answer the question given underneath.
The urban poor are experiencing the same level of health as their equivalent in rural areas. Both communities have an equal status of poor health among their respective population. While there may be different characteristics for single population in different cities, they all share many common features which affect health status and social challenges. These include overcrowding, air pollution, tobacco use, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, alcohol and drug abuse, road injuries, etc. Other difficulties and challenges center on poor infrastructure which would include poor solid waste management, insufficient access to health care, particularly in slum areas. Most cities also face various challenges in terms of communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, maternal and child care issues, natural disasters and the threat of reemerging and emerging diseases. As per the UHRC, one in every ten children in the slums do not live upto the age of five years in India. Furthermore, nearly 42% of slum children receive recommended vaccinations. Over half of child births that take place among poor women occur at home in slums, which puts both the mother and the newborn at risk. Another risk factor is the poor sanitation found in slums, which contributes to the high rate of diseases. Two-thirds of urban poor households do not have access to toilets and nearly 50% do not have running water supplied to their homes.
Currently, the Indian health system is more focussed towards those poor in rural areas and it has an organisational structure that begins from the grass roots to tertiary care which is managed by dedicated staff. Unfortunately, there is a huge deficiency of services and structures in urban areas. To add to this, a very rapid growth of the urban population has overburdened the existing system. The majority of healthcare in cities is mainly served by private sector doctors and hospitals which tends to cost much higher and is not accessible to the most urban poor.

Choose the most appropriate title for the passage.

Directions:  Read the passage below and answer the question given underneath.
The urban poor are experiencing the same level of health as their equivalent in rural areas. Both communities have an equal status of poor health among their respective population. While there may be different characteristics for single population in different cities, they all share many common features which affect health status and social challenges. These include overcrowding, air pollution, tobacco use, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, alcohol and drug abuse, road injuries, etc. Other difficulties and challenges center on poor infrastructure which would include poor solid waste management, insufficient access to health care, particularly in slum areas. Most cities also face various challenges in terms of communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, maternal and child care issues, natural disasters and the threat of reemerging and emerging diseases. As per the UHRC, one in every ten children in the slums do not live upto the age of five years in India. Furthermore, nearly 42% of slum children receive recommended vaccinations. Over half of child births that take place among poor women occur at home in slums, which puts both the mother and the newborn at risk. Another risk factor is the poor sanitation found in slums, which contributes to the high rate of diseases. Two-thirds of urban poor households do not have access to toilets and nearly 50% do not have running water supplied to their homes.
Currently, the Indian health system is more focussed towards those poor in rural areas and it has an organisational structure that begins from the grass roots to tertiary care which is managed by dedicated staff. Unfortunately, there is a huge deficiency of services and structures in urban areas. To add to this, a very rapid growth of the urban population has overburdened the existing system. The majority of healthcare in cities is mainly served by private sector doctors and hospitals which tends to cost much higher and is not accessible to the most urban poor.

Why was Kejriwal awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Emerging Leadership?

Directions: Read the passage below and answer the question given underneath. 

Arvin Kejriwal is a politician from India and a former civil servant. He also served as the 7^th Chief Minister of Delhi and is also the leader of the Aam Aadmi Party.
Kejriwal graduated from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur and then went on to work for the Indian Revenue Service as a Joint Commissioner in the Income Tax Department. He was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Emergent Leadership in 2006, which recognised his involvement in a grass-roots movement which made use of the Right to Information Act in a campaign against corruption. He then went on to resign from the Indian Revenue Service and donated all the award money to fund and found the Public Cause Research Foundation which is a non-governmental organisation.
Starting in 2012, he launched the Aam Aadmi Party. In the 2013, he ousted incumbent Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit in the Delhi Legislative Assembly election of that year. He took office as Delhi’s Chief Minister on December 28, 2013, but resigned 49 days later on February 14, 2014. He states that he resigned because of his government’s inability to pass the anti-corruption legislation he had proposed. This was due to the lack of support from other political parties, chiefly Congress and Bhartiya Janata Pary (BJP).
He was born on August 6, 1968 in Siwani, Bhiwani district in the state of Haryana to a middle class family. He was the first of three children by parents Gobind Ram Kejriwal and Gita Devi. His father was an electrical engineer by trade who graduated from the Birla Institute of Technology in Mesra. Because of his father’s job, the family moved many times throughout Kejriwal’s childhood. Much of his childhood was spent in North India, specifically in the towns of Sonipat, Ghaziabad and Hisar. He was educated at Campus School, located in Hisar and then went to a Christian missionary school in Sonipat. He attended and graduated with a degree in mechanical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur. Afterwards, he was employed by Tata Steel in 1989 and worked in Jamshedpur. In 1992, he resigned from his position and took time to study for the Civil Services Examination. He then spent time in Kolkata studying at the Ramakrishna Mission as well as the Nehru Yuva Kendra.