Reading Comprehension

According to the author, which of the following cannot be viewed as the cause of development?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

The past decade has upset many preconceptions about development and this more than anything else makes it difficult to be overly definite about what the next decade has in store. But there are a few things that one can assert with some confidence. First education, health and productive employment are crucial both for growth and for equity. We have tended to assume that all of these are the consequences of rapid economic growth and that only growth can generate the resources required for these purposes. But increasingly, it appears that these are better seen as the causes rather than as consequences of development. Virtually every case of successful development involves a prior improvement in literacy, technical skills, health status and access to production work.

Second, technological competence is the most important resource endowment and it explains a far larger proportion of growth in output and trade than more conventional actors like natural resources or capital accumulation. The competence required is not just in research, in fact technological dynamism in the factory and the farm is more important than the presence of a larger research establishment. 

Third the environmental imperative can no longer be ignored today as an international issue; it is second only to disarmament. Nationally, the developmental consequences of environmental neglect are increasingly obvious. 

In the Indian context there are at least two further factors which reinforce the above propositions. The first is population growth. Given the pace of expansion of the population and the workforce, human resource development acquires an added urgency. Population growth is also one, but not necessarily the most important factor which underlines environmental stress in rural and urban areas. The second factor is that as a larger country we cannot carve out an independent position in the global system without building up a substantial capacity for self-reliant growth. The acquisition of technical competence is crucial for this purpose.

According to the author which of the following factors support(s) and strengthen(s) his point of view? (1) Necessity for carrying out growth on the basic of our own strength. (2) Increased emphasis on production and coverage targets.

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

The past decade has upset many preconceptions about development and this more than anything else makes it difficult to be overly definite about what the next decade has in store. But there are a few things that one can assert with some confidence. First education, health and productive employment are crucial both for growth and for equity. We have tended to assume that all of these are the consequences of rapid economic growth and that only growth can generate the resources required for these purposes. But increasingly, it appears that these are better seen as the causes rather than as consequences of development. Virtually every case of successful development involves a prior improvement in literacy, technical skills, health status and access to production work.

Second, technological competence is the most important resource endowment and it explains a far larger proportion of growth in output and trade than more conventional actors like natural resources or capital accumulation. The competence required is not just in research, in fact technological dynamism in the factory and the farm is more important than the presence of a larger research establishment. 

Third the environmental imperative can no longer be ignored today as an international issue; it is second only to disarmament. Nationally, the developmental consequences of environmental neglect are increasingly obvious. 

In the Indian context there are at least two further factors which reinforce the above propositions. The first is population growth. Given the pace of expansion of the population and the workforce, human resource development acquires an added urgency. Population growth is also one, but not necessarily the most important factor which underlines environmental stress in rural and urban areas. The second factor is that as a larger country we cannot carve out an independent position in the global system without building up a substantial capacity for self-reliant growth. The acquisition of technical competence is crucial for this purpose.

According to the passage we have so far placed more emphasis on which of the following?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

The past decade has upset many preconceptions about development and this more than anything else makes it difficult to be overly definite about what the next decade has in store. But there are a few things that one can assert with some confidence. First education, health and productive employment are crucial both for growth and for equity. We have tended to assume that all of these are the consequences of rapid economic growth and that only growth can generate the resources required for these purposes. But increasingly, it appears that these are better seen as the causes rather than as consequences of development. Virtually every case of successful development involves a prior improvement in literacy, technical skills, health status and access to production work.

Second, technological competence is the most important resource endowment and it explains a far larger proportion of growth in output and trade than more conventional actors like natural resources or capital accumulation. The competence required is not just in research, in fact technological dynamism in the factory and the farm is more important than the presence of a larger research establishment. 

Third the environmental imperative can no longer be ignored today as an international issue; it is second only to disarmament. Nationally, the developmental consequences of environmental neglect are increasingly obvious. 

In the Indian context there are at least two further factors which reinforce the above propositions. The first is population growth. Given the pace of expansion of the population and the workforce, human resource development acquires an added urgency. Population growth is also one, but not necessarily the most important factor which underlines environmental stress in rural and urban areas. The second factor is that as a larger country we cannot carve out an independent position in the global system without building up a substantial capacity for self-reliant growth. The acquisition of technical competence is crucial for this purpose.

What seems to be the purpose of the author in writing this passage?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

The past decade has upset many preconceptions about development and this more than anything else makes it difficult to be overly definite about what the next decade has in store. But there are a few things that one can assert with some confidence. First education, health and productive employment are crucial both for growth and for equity. We have tended to assume that all of these are the consequences of rapid economic growth and that only growth can generate the resources required for these purposes. But increasingly, it appears that these are better seen as the causes rather than as consequences of development. Virtually every case of successful development involves a prior improvement in literacy, technical skills, health status and access to production work.

Second, technological competence is the most important resource endowment and it explains a far larger proportion of growth in output and trade than more conventional actors like natural resources or capital accumulation. The competence required is not just in research, in fact technological dynamism in the factory and the farm is more important than the presence of a larger research establishment. 

Third the environmental imperative can no longer be ignored today as an international issue; it is second only to disarmament. Nationally, the developmental consequences of environmental neglect are increasingly obvious. 

In the Indian context there are at least two further factors which reinforce the above propositions. The first is population growth. Given the pace of expansion of the population and the workforce, human resource development acquires an added urgency. Population growth is also one, but not necessarily the most important factor which underlines environmental stress in rural and urban areas. The second factor is that as a larger country we cannot carve out an independent position in the global system without building up a substantial capacity for self-reliant growth. The acquisition of technical competence is crucial for this purpose.

According to the author, which of the following is a less important factor resulting in environment stress in rural and urban areas?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

The past decade has upset many preconceptions about development and this more than anything else makes it difficult to be overly definite about what the next decade has in store. But there are a few things that one can assert with some confidence. First education, health and productive employment are crucial both for growth and for equity. We have tended to assume that all of these are the consequences of rapid economic growth and that only growth can generate the resources required for these purposes. But increasingly, it appears that these are better seen as the causes rather than as consequences of development. Virtually every case of successful development involves a prior improvement in literacy, technical skills, health status and access to production work.

Second, technological competence is the most important resource endowment and it explains a far larger proportion of growth in output and trade than more conventional actors like natural resources or capital accumulation. The competence required is not just in research, in fact technological dynamism in the factory and the farm is more important than the presence of a larger research establishment. 

Third the environmental imperative can no longer be ignored today as an international issue; it is second only to disarmament. Nationally, the developmental consequences of environmental neglect are increasingly obvious. 

In the Indian context there are at least two further factors which reinforce the above propositions. The first is population growth. Given the pace of expansion of the population and the workforce, human resource development acquires an added urgency. Population growth is also one, but not necessarily the most important factor which underlines environmental stress in rural and urban areas. The second factor is that as a larger country we cannot carve out an independent position in the global system without building up a substantial capacity for self-reliant growth. The acquisition of technical competence is crucial for this purpose.

According to the author at the national level with passage of time, the effects of which of the following are being felt?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

The past decade has upset many preconceptions about development and this more than anything else makes it difficult to be overly definite about what the next decade has in store. But there are a few things that one can assert with some confidence. First education, health and productive employment are crucial both for growth and for equity. We have tended to assume that all of these are the consequences of rapid economic growth and that only growth can generate the resources required for these purposes. But increasingly, it appears that these are better seen as the causes rather than as consequences of development. Virtually every case of successful development involves a prior improvement in literacy, technical skills, health status and access to production work.

Second, technological competence is the most important resource endowment and it explains a far larger proportion of growth in output and trade than more conventional actors like natural resources or capital accumulation. The competence required is not just in research, in fact technological dynamism in the factory and the farm is more important than the presence of a larger research establishment. 

Third the environmental imperative can no longer be ignored today as an international issue; it is second only to disarmament. Nationally, the developmental consequences of environmental neglect are increasingly obvious. 

In the Indian context there are at least two further factors which reinforce the above propositions. The first is population growth. Given the pace of expansion of the population and the workforce, human resource development acquires an added urgency. Population growth is also one, but not necessarily the most important factor which underlines environmental stress in rural and urban areas. The second factor is that as a larger country we cannot carve out an independent position in the global system without building up a substantial capacity for self-reliant growth. The acquisition of technical competence is crucial for this purpose.

What seems to be the approach of the author regarding the present status of research? (1) He desires that more research establishments should come up. (2) Application of new technologies in factories and field is more vital than setting of research laboratories.

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

The past decade has upset many preconceptions about development and this more than anything else makes it difficult to be overly definite about what the next decade has in store. But there are a few things that one can assert with some confidence. First education, health and productive employment are crucial both for growth and for equity. We have tended to assume that all of these are the consequences of rapid economic growth and that only growth can generate the resources required for these purposes. But increasingly, it appears that these are better seen as the causes rather than as consequences of development. Virtually every case of successful development involves a prior improvement in literacy, technical skills, health status and access to production work.

Second, technological competence is the most important resource endowment and it explains a far larger proportion of growth in output and trade than more conventional actors like natural resources or capital accumulation. The competence required is not just in research, in fact technological dynamism in the factory and the farm is more important than the presence of a larger research establishment. 

Third the environmental imperative can no longer be ignored today as an international issue; it is second only to disarmament. Nationally, the developmental consequences of environmental neglect are increasingly obvious. 

In the Indian context there are at least two further factors which reinforce the above propositions. The first is population growth. Given the pace of expansion of the population and the workforce, human resource development acquires an added urgency. Population growth is also one, but not necessarily the most important factor which underlines environmental stress in rural and urban areas. The second factor is that as a larger country we cannot carve out an independent position in the global system without building up a substantial capacity for self-reliant growth. The acquisition of technical competence is crucial for this purpose.

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

The author hesitates to talk about religion because ______________________.

Religion is the greatest instrument for so raising us. It is amazing that a person not intellectually bright, perhaps not even educated, is capable of grasping and living by something so advanced as the principle of Christianity. Yet there is a common phenomenon .It is not, however, in my province to talk about religion, but rather to stress the power which great literature & the great personalities whom we meet in it & in history have to open & enlarge over minds, and to show us what is first rate in human personality & human character by showing us goodness & greatness.

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

So raising us means ___________________.

Religion is the greatest instrument for so raising us. It is amazing that a person not intellectually bright, perhaps not even educated, is capable of grasping and living by something so advanced as the principle of Christianity. Yet there is a common phenomenon .It is not, however, in my province to talk about religion, but rather to stress the power which great literature & the great personalities whom we meet in it & in history have to open & enlarge over minds, and to show us what is first rate in human personality & human character by showing us goodness & greatness.

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

According to the author, we come across example of greatness and nobility in _________________.

Religion is the greatest instrument for so raising us. It is amazing that a person not intellectually bright, perhaps not even educated, is capable of grasping and living by something so advanced as the principle of Christianity. Yet there is a common phenomenon .It is not, however, in my province to talk about religion, but rather to stress the power which great literature & the great personalities whom we meet in it & in history have to open & enlarge over minds, and to show us what is first rate in human personality & human character by showing us goodness & greatness.

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

What surprises the author is that _____________________.

Religion is the greatest instrument for so raising us. It is amazing that a person not intellectually bright, perhaps not even educated, is capable of grasping and living by something so advanced as the principle of Christianity. Yet there is a common phenomenon .It is not, however, in my province to talk about religion, but rather to stress the power which great literature & the great personalities whom we meet in it & in history have to open & enlarge over minds, and to show us what is first rate in human personality & human character by showing us goodness & greatness.

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

In the passage, the author's ultimate intention is to talk about _____________.

Religion is the greatest instrument for so raising us. It is amazing that a person not intellectually bright, perhaps not even educated, is capable of grasping and living by something so advanced as the principle of Christianity. Yet there is a common phenomenon .It is not, however, in my province to talk about religion, but rather to stress the power which great literature & the great personalities whom we meet in it & in history have to open & enlarge over minds, and to show us what is first rate in human personality & human character by showing us goodness & greatness.

What seems to be the purpose of the author in writing this passage?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

The past decade has upset many preconceptions about development and this more than anything else, makes it difficult to be overly definite about what the next decade has in store. But there are a few things that can be asserted with some confidence. First, education, health and productive employment are crucial - both for growth and for equity. We have tended to assume that all of these are the consequences of rapid economic growth and that only growth can generate the resources required for these purposes. But increasingly, it appears that these are better seen as the causes rather than as consequences of development. Virtually, every case of successful development involves a prior improvement in literacy, technical skills, health status and access to productive work.
Secondly, technological competence is the most important resource endowment and it explains a far larger proportion of growth in output and trade than more conventional factors like natural resources or capital accumulation. The competence required is not just in research. In fact technological dynamism in the factory and the farm is more important than the presence of larger research establishments.
Third, the environmental imperative can no longer be ignored. Today, as an international issue, it is second only to disarmament. Nationally, the developmental consequences of environmental neglect are increasingly obvious.
In the Indian context, there are at least two further factors which reinforce the above propositions. The first is the population growth. Given the pace of expansion of the population and the work force, human resource development acquires an added urgency. Necessarily the most important factor, which underlines environmental stress in rural and urban areas. The second factor is that as a larger country, we cannot carve out an independent position in the global system without building up a substantial capacity for self-reliant growth. The acquisition of technical competence is crucial for this purpose.     
Until now, we have tended to treat human resource development technology issues and environment as subsidiary to the main task of planning. The thrust has been on quantitative expansion of infrastructure and production with a focus on production targets like tonnes of steel, kilowatts of electricity; capacity targets like road length, rail kilometreage; and coverage targets like number of school and students, catching up with known technologies – thus, the maximum mobilisaton of financial resources.

Choose the word which is most nearly the same in meaning to the word in capital letters.

CARVE

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

The past decade has upset many preconceptions about development and this more than anything else, makes it difficult to be overly definite about what the next decade has in store. But there are a few things that can be asserted with some confidence. First, education, health and productive employment are crucial - both for growth and for equity. We have tended to assume that all of these are the consequences of rapid economic growth and that only growth can generate the resources required for these purposes. But increasingly, it appears that these are better seen as the causes rather than as consequences of development. Virtually, every case of successful development involves a prior improvement in literacy, technical skills, health status and access to productive work.
Secondly, technological competence is the most important resource endowment and it explains a far larger proportion of growth in output and trade than more conventional factors like natural resources or capital accumulation. The competence required is not just in research. In fact technological dynamism in the factory and the farm is more important than the presence of larger research establishments.
Third, the environmental imperative can no longer be ignored. Today, as an international issue, it is second only to disarmament. Nationally, the developmental consequences of environmental neglect are increasingly obvious.
In the Indian context, there are at least two further factors which reinforce the above propositions. The first is the population growth. Given the pace of expansion of the population and the work force, human resource development acquires an added urgency. Necessarily the most important factor, which underlines environmental stress in rural and urban areas. The second factor is that as a larger country, we cannot carve out an independent position in the global system without building up a substantial capacity for self-reliant growth. The acquisition of technical competence is crucial for this purpose.     
Until now, we have tended to treat human resource development technology issues and environment as subsidiary to the main task of planning. The thrust has been on quantitative expansion of infrastructure and production with a focus on production targets like tonnes of steel, kilowatts of electricity; capacity targets like road length, rail kilometreage; and coverage targets like number of school and students, catching up with known technologies – thus, the maximum mobilisaton of financial resources.

The word which is most nearly the same in meaning to 'LARGE' is

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

The past decade has upset many preconceptions about development and this more than anything else, makes it difficult to be overly definite about what the next decade has in store. But there are a few things that can be asserted with some confidence. First, education, health and productive employment are crucial - both for growth and for equity. We have tended to assume that all of these are the consequences of rapid economic growth and that only growth can generate the resources required for these purposes. But increasingly, it appears that these are better seen as the causes rather than as consequences of development. Virtually, every case of successful development involves a prior improvement in literacy, technical skills, health status and access to productive work.
Secondly, technological competence is the most important resource endowment and it explains a far larger proportion of growth in output and trade than more conventional factors like natural resources or capital accumulation. The competence required is not just in research. In fact technological dynamism in the factory and the farm is more important than the presence of larger research establishments.
Third, the environmental imperative can no longer be ignored. Today, as an international issue, it is second only to disarmament. Nationally, the developmental consequences of environmental neglect are increasingly obvious.
In the Indian context, there are at least two further factors which reinforce the above propositions. The first is the population growth. Given the pace of expansion of the population and the work force, human resource development acquires an added urgency. Necessarily the most important factor, which underlines environmental stress in rural and urban areas. The second factor is that as a larger country, we cannot carve out an independent position in the global system without building up a substantial capacity for self-reliant growth. The acquisition of technical competence is crucial for this purpose.     
Until now, we have tended to treat human resource development technology issues and environment as subsidiary to the main task of planning. The thrust has been on quantitative expansion of infrastructure and production with a focus on production targets like tonnes of steel, kilowatts of electricity; capacity targets like road length, rail kilometreage; and coverage targets like number of school and students, catching up with known technologies – thus, the maximum mobilisaton of financial resources.