Reading Comprehension

The author is most likely addressing which of the following audience?

Directions: Answer the question based on the following passage:

"I think therefore I am" the well-known quote of Rene Descartes, is the basis of his theory known as dualism. The intermingling of mind and body or res extensa (extended substance) and res cogitans (thinking substance) displays Descartes' ideas of a "genuine human being". Known as the father of modern philosophy, Descartes realised that one could not analyse a problem simply on the common sense level, but that one must "probe to the micro-level".

Through his technique of doubting everything, which he believed to exist and establishing a new philosophy, Descartes discovered that without a doubt, the only thing he could truly believe, to exist was his own mind. He then supposed that a demon was deceiving him by causing him to believe that which he saw. With this idea, he concluded, "all external things are merely the delusions of dreams"(Descartes' Meditations as cited in Cottingham 23) which the demon has devised. By being able to convince himself of ideas and by being able to be deceived by the demon, Descartes could assume that he existed. He also came to the conclusion that if he were to cease from thinking, he would cease to exist entirely.

"I regard the body as a machine so built and put together...that still, although it had no mind, it would not fail to move" (Descartes' Meditations as cited in Jones). Descartes' idea of the body being totally independent of the mind is known as the mechanistic view. Descartes explains this concept by offering the explanation that spirits enter the brain cavities, proceed to the nerves, and change the shapes of the muscles in order for movements of the body to take place. The mechanistic view compares the body to several different mechanical objects including clocks and fountains. However, Descartes found that the human body was in every way better built than any mechanism a human could devise (Shapin 158).

"There is a vast difference between the mind and the body, in that the body...is always divisible, while the mind is completely indivisible" (Descartes' Meditations as cited in Strathern 67). Although Descartes claimed that the mind and body were totally separate beings, he also found that they were closely intertwined. Descartes concluded that because a body part could be removed without taking away from the mind, the body was a separate being (Cottingham 36). The interdependence of the mind and body was what Descartes considered a human being; the mind and body formed a unit. Descartes found that because you sense things occurring to the body through the mind, then if the body and mind were not intertwined, one would not have any feelings in the body. These "feelings" in the body are what Descartes called "confused thoughts" (Cottingham 40) because they could not be explained through equations or logical connections. The confirmation for the idea that the mind and body were closely connected was the fact that one can never separate from his body, and can feel and sense things only through his own body.

Descartes' philosophy "transformed European thought" (Strathern 55) by causing people to gradually reject the Aristotelian views of the mind and body. Although later philosophers including Locke, Berkeley, and Hume rejected Descartes' ideas, other philosophers such as Regis and Malebranche expanded and improved upon Descartes' philosophy to form Cartesianism.

Which communication satellite was launched by ISRO to enhance the in-orbit capacity of extended C and Ku-band transponders and provide a platform for new experiments?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

The history of human exploration has been an intriguing and an exciting one. It has moved from planet to planet, gone into space even in search of possibility of a life. The awe to find something new has always prevailed over silent wait. The urge for a “eureka moment” has grown magnanimously across countries in the world. On Jan 6, India also added another feather in its cap, when the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched the first raising operation of GSLV flight GSAT-14 communication satellite. The indigenous cryogenic upper stage was successfully flight tested on GSLV-D5 launch vehicle from the spaceport of Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh, a feat that put India in the exclusive club of the US, Russia, France, Japan and China, which have mastered the cryogenic engine technology.
It will help the country to launch its INSAT satellites into geostationary orbit, which will in turn help India become less dependent on foreign satellites. The principal objective of the mission is to enhance the in-orbit capacity of extended C and Ku-band transponders and provide a platform for new experiments.
In addition, the earnings could be double once GSLV is accepted globally.

What does the phrase ‘eureka moment’ in the passage refer to?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

The history of human exploration has been an intriguing and an exciting one. It has moved from planet to planet, gone into space even in search of possibility of a life. The awe to find something new has always prevailed over silent wait. The urge for a “eureka moment” has grown magnanimously across countries in the world. On Jan 6, India also added another feather in its cap, when the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched the first raising operation of GSLV flight GSAT-14 communication satellite. The indigenous cryogenic upper stage was successfully flight tested on GSLV-D5 launch vehicle from the spaceport of Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh, a feat that put India in the exclusive club of the US, Russia, France, Japan and China, which have mastered the cryogenic engine technology.
It will help the country to launch its INSAT satellites into geostationary orbit, which will in turn help India become less dependent on foreign satellites. The principal objective of the mission is to enhance the in-orbit capacity of extended C and Ku-band transponders and provide a platform for new experiments.
In addition, the earnings could be double once GSLV is accepted globally.

Why does the author think that the history of human exploration has been intriguing and exciting?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

The history of human exploration has been an intriguing and an exciting one. It has moved from planet to planet, gone into space even in search of possibility of a life. The awe to find something new has always prevailed over silent wait. The urge for a “eureka moment” has grown magnanimously across countries in the world. On Jan 6, India also added another feather in its cap, when the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched the first raising operation of GSLV flight GSAT-14 communication satellite. The indigenous cryogenic upper stage was successfully flight tested on GSLV-D5 launch vehicle from the spaceport of Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh, a feat that put India in the exclusive club of the US, Russia, France, Japan and China, which have mastered the cryogenic engine technology.
It will help the country to launch its INSAT satellites into geostationary orbit, which will in turn help India become less dependent on foreign satellites. The principal objective of the mission is to enhance the in-orbit capacity of extended C and Ku-band transponders and provide a platform for new experiments.
In addition, the earnings could be double once GSLV is accepted globally.

Which of the following countries was the latest to join the exclusive club of cryogenic engine technology?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:

The history of human exploration has been an intriguing and an exciting one. It has moved from planet to planet, gone into space even in search of possibility of a life. The awe to find something new has always prevailed over silent wait. The urge for a “eureka moment” has grown magnanimously across countries in the world. On Jan 6, India also added another feather in its cap, when the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched the first raising operation of GSLV flight GSAT-14 communication satellite. The indigenous cryogenic upper stage was successfully flight tested on GSLV-D5 launch vehicle from the spaceport of Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh, a feat that put India in the exclusive club of the US, Russia, France, Japan and China, which have mastered the cryogenic engine technology.
It will help the country to launch its INSAT satellites into geostationary orbit, which will in turn help India become less dependent on foreign satellites. The principal objective of the mission is to enhance the in-orbit capacity of extended C and Ku-band transponders and provide a platform for new experiments.
In addition, the earnings could be double once GSLV is accepted globally.

Can feelings be managed in business?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question:

What's a manager have to do about feelings in business? 

Why, manage them of course.
Not to mock your question in the slightest: We are dead serious. If there’s one thing that doesn't get enough attention for undermining productivity, creativity and the general smooth functioning of the business, it's the mismanagement of the emotion in the workplace. Too many managers would rather let people act, well, unmanaged.

Now, we're not even slightly qualified to opine on human nature; well, maybe we are as qualified as the next guy; but you don’t have to watch reality TV to know that, left unattended, people can fall into some pretty dysfunctional behaviours. Maybe it’s because gossip, ganging up, paranoia and the like were hardwired into the human brain to ensure the survival of the species, as some scientists have hypothesized.

But the underlying reasons why groups of people can get so terribly caught up in the negative feelings don’t really matter. All that does-from a manager’s point of view-is that unhealthy emotions usually beget more unhealthy emotions.

That’s why you have to manage them-which, fortunately, takes neither a degree in psychology nor more time than you already have. It takes only an active commitment to remove uncertainty from your organization and to instill a purposeful approach to inspiration.

Can productivity be affected by unmanaged feelings in the company?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question:

What's a manager have to do about feelings in business? 

Why, manage them of course.
Not to mock your question in the slightest: We are dead serious. If there’s one thing that doesn't get enough attention for undermining productivity, creativity and the general smooth functioning of the business, it's the mismanagement of the emotion in the workplace. Too many managers would rather let people act, well, unmanaged.

Now, we're not even slightly qualified to opine on human nature; well, maybe we are as qualified as the next guy; but you don’t have to watch reality TV to know that, left unattended, people can fall into some pretty dysfunctional behaviours. Maybe it’s because gossip, ganging up, paranoia and the like were hardwired into the human brain to ensure the survival of the species, as some scientists have hypothesized.

But the underlying reasons why groups of people can get so terribly caught up in the negative feelings don’t really matter. All that does-from a manager’s point of view-is that unhealthy emotions usually beget more unhealthy emotions.

That’s why you have to manage them-which, fortunately, takes neither a degree in psychology nor more time than you already have. It takes only an active commitment to remove uncertainty from your organization and to instill a purposeful approach to inspiration.

Which of the following options is/are dysfunctional behaviours?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question:

What's a manager have to do about feelings in business? 

Why, manage them of course.
Not to mock your question in the slightest: We are dead serious. If there’s one thing that doesn't get enough attention for undermining productivity, creativity and the general smooth functioning of the business, it's the mismanagement of the emotion in the workplace. Too many managers would rather let people act, well, unmanaged.

Now, we're not even slightly qualified to opine on human nature; well, maybe we are as qualified as the next guy; but you don’t have to watch reality TV to know that, left unattended, people can fall into some pretty dysfunctional behaviours. Maybe it’s because gossip, ganging up, paranoia and the like were hardwired into the human brain to ensure the survival of the species, as some scientists have hypothesized.

But the underlying reasons why groups of people can get so terribly caught up in the negative feelings don’t really matter. All that does-from a manager’s point of view-is that unhealthy emotions usually beget more unhealthy emotions.

That’s why you have to manage them-which, fortunately, takes neither a degree in psychology nor more time than you already have. It takes only an active commitment to remove uncertainty from your organization and to instill a purposeful approach to inspiration.

Which of the following statements is true?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question:

What's a manager have to do about feelings in business? 

Why, manage them of course.
Not to mock your question in the slightest: We are dead serious. If there’s one thing that doesn't get enough attention for undermining productivity, creativity and the general smooth functioning of the business, it's the mismanagement of the emotion in the workplace. Too many managers would rather let people act, well, unmanaged.

Now, we're not even slightly qualified to opine on human nature; well, maybe we are as qualified as the next guy; but you don’t have to watch reality TV to know that, left unattended, people can fall into some pretty dysfunctional behaviours. Maybe it’s because gossip, ganging up, paranoia and the like were hardwired into the human brain to ensure the survival of the species, as some scientists have hypothesized.

But the underlying reasons why groups of people can get so terribly caught up in the negative feelings don’t really matter. All that does-from a manager’s point of view-is that unhealthy emotions usually beget more unhealthy emotions.

That’s why you have to manage them-which, fortunately, takes neither a degree in psychology nor more time than you already have. It takes only an active commitment to remove uncertainty from your organization and to instill a purposeful approach to inspiration.

Which of the following statements is true with respect to the passage?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question:

What's a manager have to do about feelings in business? 

Why, manage them of course.
Not to mock your question in the slightest: We are dead serious. If there’s one thing that doesn't get enough attention for undermining productivity, creativity and the general smooth functioning of the business, it's the mismanagement of the emotion in the workplace. Too many managers would rather let people act, well, unmanaged.

Now, we're not even slightly qualified to opine on human nature; well, maybe we are as qualified as the next guy; but you don’t have to watch reality TV to know that, left unattended, people can fall into some pretty dysfunctional behaviours. Maybe it’s because gossip, ganging up, paranoia and the like were hardwired into the human brain to ensure the survival of the species, as some scientists have hypothesized.

But the underlying reasons why groups of people can get so terribly caught up in the negative feelings don’t really matter. All that does-from a manager’s point of view-is that unhealthy emotions usually beget more unhealthy emotions.

That’s why you have to manage them-which, fortunately, takes neither a degree in psychology nor more time than you already have. It takes only an active commitment to remove uncertainty from your organization and to instill a purposeful approach to inspiration.

Paranoia as used in the passage means _____.

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question:

What's a manager have to do about feelings in business? 

Why, manage them of course.
Not to mock your question in the slightest: We are dead serious. If there’s one thing that doesn't get enough attention for undermining productivity, creativity and the general smooth functioning of the business, it's the mismanagement of the emotion in the workplace. Too many managers would rather let people act, well, unmanaged.

Now, we're not even slightly qualified to opine on human nature; well, maybe we are as qualified as the next guy; but you don’t have to watch reality TV to know that, left unattended, people can fall into some pretty dysfunctional behaviours. Maybe it’s because gossip, ganging up, paranoia and the like were hardwired into the human brain to ensure the survival of the species, as some scientists have hypothesized.

But the underlying reasons why groups of people can get so terribly caught up in the negative feelings don’t really matter. All that does-from a manager’s point of view-is that unhealthy emotions usually beget more unhealthy emotions.

That’s why you have to manage them-which, fortunately, takes neither a degree in psychology nor more time than you already have. It takes only an active commitment to remove uncertainty from your organization and to instill a purposeful approach to inspiration.

Which of the following statements is true with regard to the passage?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

The customer of today is different from the one of yesteryears. Today’s customer knows how to avoid marketing efforts directed at him. He has a caller ID on his telephone to block unwanted calls, a spam and popup blocker on his Internet. He even has a TiVo which records his favorite TV programs, minus the advertisements. Traditional branding models using traditional media will no longer work. As someone once said, “How do you become a millionaire?” "Become a billionaire and then buy an airline !” Then someone modified it and said, “buy a newspaper!” With advertising revenues dwindling steadily, traditional media like newspapers, magazines are singing their swan song too, making brand building more challenging.

When Wieden + Kennedy created the ”Just Do It” campaign for Nike, TV and print helped spread the magic of ‘swoosh’ the world over. Today, Nike is finding itself out -of -sync with its target consumers, for they are now tuning into different forms of media . It's more the digital and interactive ones that have got them hooked . Almost all top brands today have started spending less and less on advertising . MacDonald’s has cut its TV ads from 80% to 50%. Samsung, unlike Sony, advertises on TV only during the last six months of the year when sales peak.

What type of a meduim is the internet?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

The customer of today is different from the one of yesteryears. Today’s customer knows how to avoid marketing efforts directed at him. He has a caller ID on his telephone to block unwanted calls, a spam and popup blocker on his Internet. He even has a TiVo which records his favorite TV programs, minus the advertisements. Traditional branding models using traditional media will no longer work. As someone once said, “How do you become a millionaire?” "Become a billionaire and then buy an airline !” Then someone modified it and said, “buy a newspaper!” With advertising revenues dwindling steadily, traditional media like newspapers, magazines are singing their swan song too, making brand building more challenging.

When Wieden + Kennedy created the ”Just Do It” campaign for Nike, TV and print helped spread the magic of ‘swoosh’ the world over. Today, Nike is finding itself out -of -sync with its target consumers, for they are now tuning into different forms of media . It's more the digital and interactive ones that have got them hooked . Almost all top brands today have started spending less and less on advertising . MacDonald’s has cut its TV ads from 80% to 50%. Samsung, unlike Sony, advertises on TV only during the last six months of the year when sales peak.

Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

The customer of today is different from the one of yesteryears. Today’s customer knows how to avoid marketing efforts directed at him. He has a caller ID on his telephone to block unwanted calls, a spam and popup blocker on his Internet. He even has a TiVo which records his favorite TV programs, minus the advertisements. Traditional branding models using traditional media will no longer work. As someone once said, “How do you become a millionaire?” "Become a billionaire and then buy an airline !” Then someone modified it and said, “buy a newspaper!” With advertising revenues dwindling steadily, traditional media like newspapers, magazines are singing their swan song too, making brand building more challenging.

When Wieden + Kennedy created the ”Just Do It” campaign for Nike, TV and print helped spread the magic of ‘swoosh’ the world over. Today, Nike is finding itself out -of -sync with its target consumers, for they are now tuning into different forms of media . It's more the digital and interactive ones that have got them hooked . Almost all top brands today have started spending less and less on advertising . MacDonald’s has cut its TV ads from 80% to 50%. Samsung, unlike Sony, advertises on TV only during the last six months of the year when sales peak.

Dysfunctional as used in the passage means _______.

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question:

What's a manager have to do about feelings in business? 

Why, manage them of course.
Not to mock your question in the slightest: We are dead serious. If there’s one thing that doesn't get enough attention for undermining productivity, creativity and the general smooth functioning of the business, it's the mismanagement of the emotion in the workplace. Too many managers would rather let people act, well, unmanaged.

Now, we're not even slightly qualified to opine on human nature; well, maybe we are as qualified as the next guy; but you don’t have to watch reality TV to know that, left unattended, people can fall into some pretty dysfunctional behaviours. Maybe it’s because gossip, ganging up, paranoia and the like were hardwired into the human brain to ensure the survival of the species, as some scientists have hypothesized.

But the underlying reasons why groups of people can get so terribly caught up in the negative feelings don’t really matter. All that does-from a manager’s point of view-is that unhealthy emotions usually beget more unhealthy emotions.

That’s why you have to manage them-which, fortunately, takes neither a degree in psychology nor more time than you already have. It takes only an active commitment to remove uncertainty from your organization and to instill a purposeful approach to inspiration.