English Language

Reading Comprehension

7,656 Questions
All Explicit Fact Retrieval 2427 Inference and Logical Deduction 1147 Contextual Vocabulary Meaning 845 Main Idea and Title Selection 781 Cause and Effect Extraction 699 Synonym and Antonym Identification 692 Sentence Structure and Discourse Function 336 Author Tone and Perspective 194 Interpretation of Figurative Language 190 Passage Style and Organization 173 Pronoun Referent Identification 49

Reading Comprehension Questions

Multiple choice

Directions: Choose the correct answer for the following question on the basis of the given passage:

It can be inferred from the passage that after puromycin was perceived to be a disappointment, researches did which of the following?

RC Passage 6:
Few areas of neuron behavioral research seemed more promising is the early sixties than that investigating the relationship between protein synthesis and learning. The conceptual framework for the research was derived directly from molecular biology, which had shown that genetic information is stored in nucleic acids and expressed in proteins why not acquired information as well.
The first step towards establishing a connection between protein synthesis and learning seemed to be to block memory (cause adhesion) by interrupting the production of proteins. We were fortunate in finding a non lethal dosage of puromycin that could, it first appealed, thoroughly inhibit brain protein synthesis as well as reliability produce amnesia. Before the actual connection between protein synthesis and learning could be established however we began to have douche about whether inhibition of protein synthesis was in fact the method by which puromycin produced amnesia. First, ocher drugs, glutavimides themselves potent protein synthesis inhibitors either failed to cause amnesia in some situations where it could easily be induced by puromycin or produced an amnesia with a different time course from that of puromycin. Second, puromycin was found to inhabit protein  synthesis by breaking certain amino acid chain, and the resulting fragments were suspected of being the actual cause of amnesia is some eases. Third, puromycin was reported to cause abnormalities in the train, including seizures. Thus, not only were decreased protein synthesis and amnesia dissociated, but alternative mechanism for the amnestic action of puromycin were readily suggested.

So, puromycin turned out to be a disappointment. It came to be regarded as a poor agent for amnesia studies, although, of course, it was poor only in the context of our original paradigm of protein synthesis inhibition. In our frustration, our initial response was simply to change dregs rather than our conceptual orientation. After many such disappointments, however, it now appears unlikely, that we will make a firm connection between protein synthesis and learning merely by pursuing the approaches of the past our experience with drugs has shown that all the amnestic agents, often interfere with memory in ways that seem unrelated to their inhibition of protein synthesis. More importantly, the notion that the interruption or intensification of protein production in the train can be related in cause and affect fashion to learning now seems simplistic and unproductive. Remove the battery from a car and the car will not go Drive the car a long distance at high speed and the battery will become more highly charged. Neither of these facts proves that the battery power the car, only knowledge of the overall automotive system will reveal its mechanism of locomotion and the role of the battery with in the system.

  1. They continued to experiment with puromycin until a neuron anatomical framework was developed.

  2. They continued to experiment with puromycin, but also tried other protein synthesis inhibitors.

  3. They ceased to experiment with puromycin and shifted to other promising protein synthesis inhibitors.

  4. They ceased to experiment with puromycin but shifted to other promising protein synthesis inhibitors.

  5. They continued to experiment with puromycin, but applied their results to other facts of memory research.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

'In our frustration, our initial response was simply to change dregs rather than our conceptual orientation. ' The conceptual orientation was to experiment with puromycin.

Multiple choice

Directions: Choose the correct answer for the following question on the basis of the given passage:

The primary purpose a the passage is to show that extensive experimentation has ________________________________________.

RC Passage 6:
Few areas of neuron behavioral research seemed more promising is the early sixties than that investigating the relationship between protein synthesis and learning. The conceptual framework for the research was derived directly from molecular biology, which had shown that genetic information is stored in nucleic acids and expressed in proteins why not acquired information as well.
The first step towards establishing a connection between protein synthesis and learning seemed to be to block memory (cause adhesion) by interrupting the production of proteins. We were fortunate in finding a non lethal dosage of puromycin that could, it first appealed, thoroughly inhibit brain protein synthesis as well as reliability produce amnesia. Before the actual connection between protein synthesis and learning could be established however we began to have douche about whether inhibition of protein synthesis was in fact the method by which puromycin produced amnesia. First, ocher drugs, glutavimides themselves potent protein synthesis inhibitors either failed to cause amnesia in some situations where it could easily be induced by puromycin or produced an amnesia with a different time course from that of puromycin. Second, puromycin was found to inhabit protein  synthesis by breaking certain amino acid chain, and the resulting fragments were suspected of being the actual cause of amnesia is some eases. Third, puromycin was reported to cause abnormalities in the train, including seizures. Thus, not only were decreased protein synthesis and amnesia dissociated, but alternative mechanism for the amnestic action of puromycin were readily suggested.

So, puromycin turned out to be a disappointment. It came to be regarded as a poor agent for amnesia studies, although, of course, it was poor only in the context of our original paradigm of protein synthesis inhibition. In our frustration, our initial response was simply to change dregs rather than our conceptual orientation. After many such disappointments, however, it now appears unlikely, that we will make a firm connection between protein synthesis and learning merely by pursuing the approaches of the past our experience with drugs has shown that all the amnestic agents, often interfere with memory in ways that seem unrelated to their inhibition of protein synthesis. More importantly, the notion that the interruption or intensification of protein production in the train can be related in cause and affect fashion to learning now seems simplistic and unproductive. Remove the battery from a car and the car will not go Drive the car a long distance at high speed and the battery will become more highly charged. Neither of these facts proves that the battery power the car, only knowledge of the overall automotive system will reveal its mechanism of locomotion and the role of the battery with in the system.

  1. not supported the hypothesis that learning is directly dependent on protein synthesis

  2. cast doubt on the value of puromycin in the newer behavioral study of learning

  3. revealed the importance of amnesia in the neuron behavioral study of learning

  4. demonstrated the importance of amino acid fragmentation in the induction of amnesia

  5. not yet demonstrated the applicability of molecular biology to behavioral research
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

 The prinary urpose was to show that past research has not supported the link between learning and protein synthesis, however, the conclusion of the passage says otherwise.

Multiple choice

Directions: Choose the correct answer for the following question on the basis of the given passage:

The primary purpose of the passage is to present __________________________.

RC Passage 5:

Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped not only human morphology but also human behavior. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints - ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that â€�come naturallyâ€� in archetypal situations in any culture. Our �frailties� - emotions and motivs such as rage, fear, greed, gluttony, joy, lust, love-may be a very mixed assortment quality we are, as we say, â€�in the gripâ€� of them. And thus they give us oursense of constraints.
Unhappily, some of those frailties our need for ever-increasing security among them are presently maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction, and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes. We would need to comprehend throughly their adaptive origins in order to understand how badly they guide us now. And we might then begin to resist their pressure.

  1. a position on the foundations of human behavior and on what those foundations imply

  2. a theory outlining the parallel development of human morphology and of human behavior

  3. a diagnostic test for separating biologically determined behavior patters from culture - specific detail

  4. an overview of those human emotions and motive's that impose constraints on human behaviour
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The introduction of the passage is ' Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped not only human morphology but also human behavior. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints - ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that ”come naturally” in archetypal situations in any culture'.

Multiple choice

Directions: Choose the correct answer for the following question on the basis of the given passage:

In the example of the car (lines 62-70) the battery is meant to represent which of the following elements in the neuron behavioral research program?

RC Passage 6:
Few areas of neuron behavioral research seemed more promising is the early sixties than that investigating the relationship between protein synthesis and learning. The conceptual framework for the research was derived directly from molecular biology, which had shown that genetic information is stored in nucleic acids and expressed in proteins why not acquired information as well.
The first step towards establishing a connection between protein synthesis and learning seemed to be to block memory (cause adhesion) by interrupting the production of proteins. We were fortunate in finding a non lethal dosage of puromycin that could, it first appealed, thoroughly inhibit brain protein synthesis as well as reliability produce amnesia. Before the actual connection between protein synthesis and learning could be established however we began to have douche about whether inhibition of protein synthesis was in fact the method by which puromycin produced amnesia. First, ocher drugs, glutavimides themselves potent protein synthesis inhibitors either failed to cause amnesia in some situations where it could easily be induced by puromycin or produced an amnesia with a different time course from that of puromycin. Second, puromycin was found to inhabit protein  synthesis by breaking certain amino acid chain, and the resulting fragments were suspected of being the actual cause of amnesia is some eases. Third, puromycin was reported to cause abnormalities in the train, including seizures. Thus, not only were decreased protein synthesis and amnesia dissociated, but alternative mechanism for the amnestic action of puromycin were readily suggested.

So, puromycin turned out to be a disappointment. It came to be regarded as a poor agent for amnesia studies, although, of course, it was poor only in the context of our original paradigm of protein synthesis inhibition. In our frustration, our initial response was simply to change dregs rather than our conceptual orientation. After many such disappointments, however, it now appears unlikely, that we will make a firm connection between protein synthesis and learning merely by pursuing the approaches of the past our experience with drugs has shown that all the amnestic agents, often interfere with memory in ways that seem unrelated to their inhibition of protein synthesis. More importantly, the notion that the interruption or intensification of protein production in the train can be related in cause and affect fashion to learning now seems simplistic and unproductive. Remove the battery from a car and the car will not go Drive the car a long distance at high speed and the battery will become more highly charged. Neither of these facts proves that the battery power the car, only knowledge of the overall automotive system will reveal its mechanism of locomotion and the role of the battery with in the system.

  1. Glutarimides

  2. Acquired information

  3. Puromycin

  4. Amnesia

  5. Protein synthesis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

 Protein sysnthesis is seen to be the driving force o the research.

Multiple choice

Directions: Choose the correct answer for the following question on the basis of the given passage:

The primary concern of the author in the above passage is _________________________.

RC Passage 4:
Roger Rosenblatt’s book Black Fiction, manages to alter the approach taken in many previous studies by making an attempt to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject. Rosenblatt points out that criticism of Black writing has very often served as a pretext for an expounding on Black history. The recent work of Addison Gayle’s passes a judgement on the value of Black fiction by clearly political standards, rating each work according to the ideas of Black identity, which it propounds.
Though fiction results from political circumstances, its author react not in ideological ways to those circumstances, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise. Affinities and connections are revealed in the works of Black fiction in Rosenblatt’s literary analysis; these affinities and connections have been overlooked and ignored by solely political studies.
The writing of acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, presumes giving satisfactory answers to a quite a few questions. The most important of all, is there a sufficient reason, apart from the racial identity of the authors, for the grouping together of Black authors? Secondly, what is the distinction of Black fiction from other modern fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous? In the work Rosenblatt demonstrates that Black fiction is a distinct body of writing, which has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition. He highlights recurring concerns and designs, which are independent of chronology in Black fiction written over the past eighty years. These concerns and designs are thematic, and they come form the central fact of the predominant white culture, where the Black characters in the novel are situated irrespective of whether they attempt to conform to that culture or they rebel against it.
Rosenblatt’s work does leave certain aesthetic questions open. His thematic analysis allows considerable objectivity; he even clearly states that he does not intend to judge the merit of the various works yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results. For example, certain novels have an appearance of structural diffusion. Is this a defeat, or are the authors working out of, or attempting to forge, a different kind of aesthetic? Apart from this, the style of certain Black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expressions?

Irrespective of such omissions, what Rosenblatt talks about in his work makes for an astute and worthwhile study. His book very effectively surveys a variety of novels, highlighting certain fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Coloured Man. Black Fiction is tightly constructed, and levelheaded and penetrating criticism is exemplified in its forthright and lucid style.

  1. reviewing the validity of a work of criticism

  2. comparing various critical approaches to a subject

  3. talking of the limitations of a particular kind of criticism

  4. recapitulation of the major points in a work of criticism

  5. illustrating the theoretical background of a certain kind of criticism.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

 The entire passages talks about the validity of the work.

Multiple choice

Directions: Choose the correct answer for the following question on the basis of the given passage:

This passage was most likely excepted from ___________________________________________.

RC Passage 6:
Few areas of neuron behavioral research seemed more promising is the early sixties than that investigating the relationship between protein synthesis and learning. The conceptual framework for the research was derived directly from molecular biology, which had shown that genetic information is stored in nucleic acids and expressed in proteins why not acquired information as well.
The first step towards establishing a connection between protein synthesis and learning seemed to be to block memory (cause adhesion) by interrupting the production of proteins. We were fortunate in finding a non lethal dosage of puromycin that could, it first appealed, thoroughly inhibit brain protein synthesis as well as reliability produce amnesia. Before the actual connection between protein synthesis and learning could be established however we began to have douche about whether inhibition of protein synthesis was in fact the method by which puromycin produced amnesia. First, ocher drugs, glutavimides themselves potent protein synthesis inhibitors either failed to cause amnesia in some situations where it could easily be induced by puromycin or produced an amnesia with a different time course from that of puromycin. Second, puromycin was found to inhabit protein  synthesis by breaking certain amino acid chain, and the resulting fragments were suspected of being the actual cause of amnesia is some eases. Third, puromycin was reported to cause abnormalities in the train, including seizures. Thus, not only were decreased protein synthesis and amnesia dissociated, but alternative mechanism for the amnestic action of puromycin were readily suggested.

So, puromycin turned out to be a disappointment. It came to be regarded as a poor agent for amnesia studies, although, of course, it was poor only in the context of our original paradigm of protein synthesis inhibition. In our frustration, our initial response was simply to change dregs rather than our conceptual orientation. After many such disappointments, however, it now appears unlikely, that we will make a firm connection between protein synthesis and learning merely by pursuing the approaches of the past our experience with drugs has shown that all the amnestic agents, often interfere with memory in ways that seem unrelated to their inhibition of protein synthesis. More importantly, the notion that the interruption or intensification of protein production in the train can be related in cause and affect fashion to learning now seems simplistic and unproductive. Remove the battery from a car and the car will not go Drive the car a long distance at high speed and the battery will become more highly charged. Neither of these facts proves that the battery power the car, only knowledge of the overall automotive system will reveal its mechanism of locomotion and the role of the battery with in the system.

  1. a book review in a leading journal devoted to genetic research.

  2. a diary kept by a practicing neuron behavioral research

  3. an article summarizing a series of scientific investigations in neuron behavioral research

  4. a news paper article on recent advances in the biochemistry of learning

  5. a technical article on experimental techniques in the field of molecular biology
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

 The title was nueron behaviourail sciences and it was a purely scientifc or academic journal.

Multiple choice

Directions: Choose the correct answer for the following question on the basis of the given passage:

The author implies that control to any extent over the ”frailties” that constrain our behavior is thought to presuppose ________________________________________.

RC Passage 5:

Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped not only human morphology but also human behavior. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints - ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that â€�come naturallyâ€� in archetypal situations in any culture. Our �frailties� - emotions and motivs such as rage, fear, greed, gluttony, joy, lust, love-may be a very mixed assortment quality we are, as we say, â€�in the gripâ€� of them. And thus they give us oursense of constraints.
Unhappily, some of those frailties our need for ever-increasing security among them are presently maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction, and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes. We would need to comprehend throughly their adaptive origins in order to understand how badly they guide us now. And we might then begin to resist their pressure.

  1. that those frailties and adaptive are recognized as currently beneficial and adaptive

  2. that there is little or no overlay of cultural detail that masks their true nature.

  3. that there are cultures in which those frailties do not ”come naturally” and from which such control can be learned

  4. a full understanding of why those frailties evolved and of how they function now
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Option 3 correctly outlines the beginning of the passage.

Multiple choice

Directions: Choose the correct answer for the following question on the basis of the given passage:

The passage reveals all of the following as effects of puromycin, except _________________.

RC Passage 6:
Few areas of neuron behavioral research seemed more promising is the early sixties than that investigating the relationship between protein synthesis and learning. The conceptual framework for the research was derived directly from molecular biology, which had shown that genetic information is stored in nucleic acids and expressed in proteins why not acquired information as well.
The first step towards establishing a connection between protein synthesis and learning seemed to be to block memory (cause adhesion) by interrupting the production of proteins. We were fortunate in finding a non lethal dosage of puromycin that could, it first appealed, thoroughly inhibit brain protein synthesis as well as reliability produce amnesia. Before the actual connection between protein synthesis and learning could be established however we began to have douche about whether inhibition of protein synthesis was in fact the method by which puromycin produced amnesia. First, ocher drugs, glutavimides themselves potent protein synthesis inhibitors either failed to cause amnesia in some situations where it could easily be induced by puromycin or produced an amnesia with a different time course from that of puromycin. Second, puromycin was found to inhabit protein  synthesis by breaking certain amino acid chain, and the resulting fragments were suspected of being the actual cause of amnesia is some eases. Third, puromycin was reported to cause abnormalities in the train, including seizures. Thus, not only were decreased protein synthesis and amnesia dissociated, but alternative mechanism for the amnestic action of puromycin were readily suggested.

So, puromycin turned out to be a disappointment. It came to be regarded as a poor agent for amnesia studies, although, of course, it was poor only in the context of our original paradigm of protein synthesis inhibition. In our frustration, our initial response was simply to change dregs rather than our conceptual orientation. After many such disappointments, however, it now appears unlikely, that we will make a firm connection between protein synthesis and learning merely by pursuing the approaches of the past our experience with drugs has shown that all the amnestic agents, often interfere with memory in ways that seem unrelated to their inhibition of protein synthesis. More importantly, the notion that the interruption or intensification of protein production in the train can be related in cause and affect fashion to learning now seems simplistic and unproductive. Remove the battery from a car and the car will not go Drive the car a long distance at high speed and the battery will become more highly charged. Neither of these facts proves that the battery power the car, only knowledge of the overall automotive system will reveal its mechanism of locomotion and the role of the battery with in the system.

  1. fragmentation of amino-acid chaim

  2. inhibition of protein synthesis

  3. brain seizures

  4. memory loss

  5. destruction of genetic information
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

 First, ocher drugs, glutavimides themselves potent protein synthesis inhibitors either failed to cause amnesia in some situations where it could easily be induced by puromycin or produced an amnesia with a different time course from that of puromycin. Second, puromycin was found to inhabit protein synthesis by breaking certain amino acid chaim, and the resulting fragments were suspected of being the actual cause of amnesia is some eases. Third, puromycin was reported to cause abnormalities in the train, including seizures. Thus, not only were decreased protein synthesis and amnesia dissociated, but alternative mechanism for the amnestic action of puromycin were readily suggested.

Multiple choice

Directions: Choose the correct answer for the following question on the basis of the given passage:

According to the passage, neuron behaviorists initially based their belief that protein synthesis was related to learning on which of the following?

RC Passage 6:
Few areas of neuron behavioral research seemed more promising is the early sixties than that investigating the relationship between protein synthesis and learning. The conceptual framework for the research was derived directly from molecular biology, which had shown that genetic information is stored in nucleic acids and expressed in proteins why not acquired information as well.
The first step towards establishing a connection between protein synthesis and learning seemed to be to block memory (cause adhesion) by interrupting the production of proteins. We were fortunate in finding a non lethal dosage of puromycin that could, it first appealed, thoroughly inhibit brain protein synthesis as well as reliability produce amnesia. Before the actual connection between protein synthesis and learning could be established however we began to have douche about whether inhibition of protein synthesis was in fact the method by which puromycin produced amnesia. First, ocher drugs, glutavimides themselves potent protein synthesis inhibitors either failed to cause amnesia in some situations where it could easily be induced by puromycin or produced an amnesia with a different time course from that of puromycin. Second, puromycin was found to inhabit protein  synthesis by breaking certain amino acid chain, and the resulting fragments were suspected of being the actual cause of amnesia is some eases. Third, puromycin was reported to cause abnormalities in the train, including seizures. Thus, not only were decreased protein synthesis and amnesia dissociated, but alternative mechanism for the amnestic action of puromycin were readily suggested.

So, puromycin turned out to be a disappointment. It came to be regarded as a poor agent for amnesia studies, although, of course, it was poor only in the context of our original paradigm of protein synthesis inhibition. In our frustration, our initial response was simply to change dregs rather than our conceptual orientation. After many such disappointments, however, it now appears unlikely, that we will make a firm connection between protein synthesis and learning merely by pursuing the approaches of the past our experience with drugs has shown that all the amnestic agents, often interfere with memory in ways that seem unrelated to their inhibition of protein synthesis. More importantly, the notion that the interruption or intensification of protein production in the train can be related in cause and affect fashion to learning now seems simplistic and unproductive. Remove the battery from a car and the car will not go Drive the car a long distance at high speed and the battery will become more highly charged. Neither of these facts proves that the battery power the car, only knowledge of the overall automotive system will reveal its mechanism of locomotion and the role of the battery with in the system.

  1. Specific research into learning on which of the following.

  2. Traditional theories about learning.

  3. Historic experiments on the effects puromycin.

  4. Previous discoveries in molecular biology.

  5. New technique in protein synthesis.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

 The conceptual framework for the research was derived directly from molecular biology, which had shown that genetic information is stored in nucleic acids and expressed in proteins why not acquired information as well.

Multiple choice

Directions: Choose the correct answer for the following question on the basis of the given passage:

Which of the following statements would be most likely to come after the last sentences of the passage?

RC Passage 6:
Few areas of neuron behavioral research seemed more promising is the early sixties than that investigating the relationship between protein synthesis and learning. The conceptual framework for the research was derived directly from molecular biology, which had shown that genetic information is stored in nucleic acids and expressed in proteins why not acquired information as well.
The first step towards establishing a connection between protein synthesis and learning seemed to be to block memory (cause adhesion) by interrupting the production of proteins. We were fortunate in finding a non lethal dosage of puromycin that could, it first appealed, thoroughly inhibit brain protein synthesis as well as reliability produce amnesia. Before the actual connection between protein synthesis and learning could be established however we began to have douche about whether inhibition of protein synthesis was in fact the method by which puromycin produced amnesia. First, ocher drugs, glutavimides themselves potent protein synthesis inhibitors either failed to cause amnesia in some situations where it could easily be induced by puromycin or produced an amnesia with a different time course from that of puromycin. Second, puromycin was found to inhabit protein  synthesis by breaking certain amino acid chain, and the resulting fragments were suspected of being the actual cause of amnesia is some eases. Third, puromycin was reported to cause abnormalities in the train, including seizures. Thus, not only were decreased protein synthesis and amnesia dissociated, but alternative mechanism for the amnestic action of puromycin were readily suggested.

So, puromycin turned out to be a disappointment. It came to be regarded as a poor agent for amnesia studies, although, of course, it was poor only in the context of our original paradigm of protein synthesis inhibition. In our frustration, our initial response was simply to change dregs rather than our conceptual orientation. After many such disappointments, however, it now appears unlikely, that we will make a firm connection between protein synthesis and learning merely by pursuing the approaches of the past our experience with drugs has shown that all the amnestic agents, often interfere with memory in ways that seem unrelated to their inhibition of protein synthesis. More importantly, the notion that the interruption or intensification of protein production in the train can be related in cause and affect fashion to learning now seems simplistic and unproductive. Remove the battery from a car and the car will not go Drive the car a long distance at high speed and the battery will become more highly charged. Neither of these facts proves that the battery power the car, only knowledge of the overall automotive system will reveal its mechanism of locomotion and the role of the battery with in the system.

  1. It is important in the future, therefore for behavioral bio- chemist to focus on the several components of the total learning system.

  2. The ambivalent status of current research, however should not deter neuron behaviorists from exploring the deeper connection between protein production and learning.

  3. The failures of the past, however must not impede further research into the amnestic of protein-synthesis inhibitors.

  4. It is important in the future, therefore, for behavioral biochemist to emphasize more strongly place of their specific findings within the overall protein synthesis model of learning.

  5. It is a legacy of this research, therefore, that molecular biology's genetic models have led to disagreement among neuron behaviorists.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

 The last line reads '  Neither of these facts proves that the battery power the car, only knowledge of the overall automotive system will reveal it mechanism of locomotion and the role of the battery with in the system.'  Therefore, the next line should talk about the importance of the learning process.

Multiple choice

Directions: The passage given below is followed by four alternative summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage. Key in the number of the option you choose as your answer.

But there is a higher reason in the human individual which, though it gets stifled many a time due to the clamours of the senses and the needs of life, raises its voice now and then, and in rare specimens of stalwarts among people in the world, the reason manifests itself as a brilliant radiance shedding a light which is not of this world, because anything that is totally a part of this world cannot know the world. An object cannot know itself. There is a necessity for something else to even know that there is such a thing as the object or the world. Who knows that there is a world? Does the world itself know it?

  1. Objects that belong to this world can only be known by objects that belong to the ‘other’ world.

  2. A need for an individual to know himself surfaces from time to time and has the potential to lead one to enlightenment.

  3. Questioning one’s individuality in this world is a brilliant idea for the few who tend to pursue it.

  4. Anything which forms an integral part of something is incapable to know itself.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  1. Not true. The concept of “other” world is not in the given paragraph.
    1. True. This is the higher need or reason that the author talks about here. This, when heeded by stalwarts, has the potential to bestow enlightenment.
    2. Not true. The paragraph’s essence is not about the nature of ideas.
    3. True but not applicable. Because there is no discussion on the higher reason or need here.
Multiple choice

Directions: The passage given below is followed by four alternative summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage. Key in the number of the option you choose as your answer.

Socrates equated knowledge with virtue, which ultimately leads to ethical conduct. He believed that the only life worth living was one that was rigorously examined. He looked for principles and actions that were worth living by, creating an ethical base upon which decisions should be made. Socrates firmly believed that knowledge and understanding of virtue, or "the good," was sufficient for someone to be happy. To him, knowledge of the good was almost akin to an enlightened state. He believed that no person could willingly choose to do something harmful or negative if they were fully aware of the value of life.

  1. A well-lived life is the one that is lived by people who mean no harm.

  2. Man’s life depends on the choices he makes in life based on his levels of awareness.

  3. A sense of heightened awareness holds the key to a life of satisfaction.

  4. The road to a fulfilling life was paved by principles and actions regarded good by an individual.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  1. People who mean no harm to others may or may not live a life that is well–lived.
    1. The passage does not talk about levels of awareness.
    2. The passage talks about man being “fully” aware, so “heightened” awareness is the key.
    3. The principles and actions should be good and not 'regarded' good by the individual concerned. The sentence “He looked for principles and actions that were worth living by…” meant that these principles were universal and not individualised.
Multiple choice

Directions: The passage given below is followed by four alternative summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage. Key in the number of the option you choose as your answer.

Spiritual Atheists are people who do not believe in a literal "God”, but still consider themselves to be (often deeply) "Spiritual" people. There is no consensus among Spiritual Atheists regarding the literal existence of one's own "spirit" or a collective "spirit"; however, there is consensus that if any "spirit" does exist, it is not external to the universe and it is not "supernatural". Spiritual Atheists believe that nothing that exists or happens violates the nature of the universe; they believe that all such things only further define the nature of the universe. For Spiritual Atheists, being "spiritual" means (at the very least) to nurture thoughts, words, and actions that are in harmony with the idea that the entire universe is, in some way, connected; even if only by the mysterious flow of cause and effect at every scale. Therefore, Spiritual Atheists generally feel that as they go about their lives striving to be personally healthy and happy, they should also be striving to help the world around them be healthy and happy.

  1. Spiritual Atheists are people who are disconnected with God but very much connected with the way they determine the flow of the universe.

  2. An underlying spirit that defines the universe and contributes to sustaining its harmony is central to the philosophy of Spiritual Atheists.

  3. Spiritual Atheists believe that spirits, if any, are benign and immanent and get shared within the people they interact.

  4. Spiritualism is nothing but compromising with the happenings of the world imbibing all along an optimistic sense that elicits from a special purpose behind them.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  1. It is not correct. Spiritual Atheists do not determine the flow of the universe. The entire universe is connected or determined by a mysterious flow of cause and effect.
    1. It is not valid since spiritual atheists have no consensus on the existence of any spirit. Hence, we cannot assume “spirit” to be a “central” element of their philosophy.
    2. Only this option is correct. It says that 'Spiritual Atheists' believe that nothing that exists or happens violates the nature of the universe and they strive to help the world around them to be healthy and happy.
    3. It is not correct. Spiritualism cannot be said to be a compromise. It is more of a kind of choice. 
Multiple choice

Directions: The passage given below is followed by four alternative summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage. Key in the number of the option you choose as your answer.

The indisputable analogy between dreams and insanity extending as it does down to their characteristic details, is one of the most powerful props of the medical theory of dream-life, which regards dreaming as a useless and disturbing process and as the expression of a reduced activity of the mind. Nevertheless, it is not to be expected that we shall find the ultimate explanation of dreams in the direction of mental disorders; for the unsatisfactory state of our knowledge of the origin of these latter conditions is generally recognised. It is quite likely on the contrary; that a modification of our attitude will at the same time affect our views upon the internal mechanism of mental disorders and that we shall be working towards an explanation of the psychoses while we are endeavouring to throw some light on the mystery of dreams.

  1. Our attitude towards dreams is in dire need of a shift from being recognised as something akin to insanity to being an independent subject of psychology.

  2. Dreams may best be regarded as mental disorders because medicine does recognise some level of knowledge, though unsatisfactory, in handling these.

  3. Medical theory would do well to avoid researching dreams as a subject of mental disorders.

  4. Research on dreams in the right direction would only help explain the yet unknowns behind mind’s morbid conditions.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  1. It is true that the attitude needs a shift, though not “dire”; also we cannot say that dreams should be treated as an independent subject in psychology.
    1. Not true. Dreams are not to be regarded as mental disorders.
    2. True, however, this is just restatement of a fact from the paragraph.
    3. True, here the “right” direction is the one not in the direction of mental disorders. This would help uncover causes of various conditions of a diseased mind. This option best captures the essence of the order.
Multiple choice

Directions: The passage given below is followed by four alternative summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage. Key in the number of the option you choose as your answer.

Aristotle’s theology is based on his perception that there must be something above and beyond the chains of cause and effect for those chains to exist at all. Aristotle perceives change and motion as deep mysteries. Everything is subject to change and motion, but nothing changes or moves without cause.

  1. Anything stationary in the world cannot be assumed to cause any change.

  2. Tracing how things cause one another to change and move is the source of many of Aristotle’s most fundamental insights.

  3. Anything that moves or changes might be ultimately traced to something that could not move or change.

  4. If all causes have antecedent causes, there is no first cause that causes motion and change to exist in the first place.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  1. Not true. According to Aristotle, everything is subject to change and thus everything is caused. Nothing about “stationary” has been said.
    1. Not true. The subject here is not to discuss Aristotle’s insights.
    2. Not True. The essence is opposite to what has been said in the option, i.e. anything that moves or changes is caused by something that could itself move or change.
    3. True. This captures the essence. If something has been caused, this means a change or motion has happened. Since no change is without cause, this means every cause has a cause preceded by another cause and so on, there, thus being no first cause.