Law Legal Studies

Professional and General Ethics

1,431 Questions

Professional and general ethics cover the moral principles and confidentiality rules guiding various occupations, including law, engineering, and healthcare. These topics are essential for state public service commissions and other competitive assessments testing professional conduct. Explore questions on conflicts of interest, technological responsibility, and client obligations.

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Professional and General Ethics Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not related to moral duty?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and pick out the best answer out of the
four choices given in the questions that follow.

A duty is an obligation. It is something we owe to others as social beings when we live together. We must let others live with us. My right of living implies my duty to my fellow beings to allow them the same conditions of life. In fact, rights and duties are correlated. What is a right in regard to one may be a duty in regard to others. Rights and duties are two sides of the same coin. We should always observe from the standpoint of others. Moral duty is more effective than legal rights. A moral duty is that which is binding upon the people on moral grounds. It is my moral duty to help the poor because of being a member of the society.

I must try to create conditions that contribute to the welfare of humanity. Similarly, I owe a duty to my parents—to be obedient and respectful to them. This duty originates from the sense of responsibility which is directly related to our conscience. So this is concerned with a moral duty which any person owes without a legal bondage.

A sense of duty is paramount for the proper development of civilization. Hypocrisy is quite reverse to the sense of duty. It involves wickedness, while duty involves sincerity and faithfulness.

  1. Sense of responsibility

  2. Conscience

  3. Hypocrisy

  4. Sincerity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The passage describes hypocrisy as the reverse of the sense of duty. Therefore, it is not related to moral duty in the positive sense described for the other options.

Multiple choice

According to the passage, rights and duties are�

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and pick out the best answer out of the
four choices given in the questions that follow.

A duty is an obligation. It is something we owe to others as social beings when we live together. We must let others live with us. My right of living implies my duty to my fellow beings to allow them the same conditions of life. In fact, rights and duties are correlated. What is a right in regard to one may be a duty in regard to others. Rights and duties are two sides of the same coin. We should always observe from the standpoint of others. Moral duty is more effective than legal rights. A moral duty is that which is binding upon the people on moral grounds. It is my moral duty to help the poor because of being a member of the society.

I must try to create conditions that contribute to the welfare of humanity. Similarly, I owe a duty to my parents—to be obedient and respectful to them. This duty originates from the sense of responsibility which is directly related to our conscience. So this is concerned with a moral duty which any person owes without a legal bondage.

A sense of duty is paramount for the proper development of civilization. Hypocrisy is quite reverse to the sense of duty. It involves wickedness, while duty involves sincerity and faithfulness.

  1. two sides of the same coin

  2. correlated

  3. both (A) and (B)

  4. neither (A) nor (B)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The passage explicitly states that rights and duties are correlated and describes them as two sides of the same coin.

Multiple choice

Which of the following moral duties has not been mentioned in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and pick out the best answer out of the
four choices given in the questions that follow.

A duty is an obligation. It is something we owe to others as social beings when we live together. We must let others live with us. My right of living implies my duty to my fellow beings to allow them the same conditions of life. In fact, rights and duties are correlated. What is a right in regard to one may be a duty in regard to others. Rights and duties are two sides of the same coin. We should always observe from the standpoint of others. Moral duty is more effective than legal rights. A moral duty is that which is binding upon the people on moral grounds. It is my moral duty to help the poor because of being a member of the society.

I must try to create conditions that contribute to the welfare of humanity. Similarly, I owe a duty to my parents—to be obedient and respectful to them. This duty originates from the sense of responsibility which is directly related to our conscience. So this is concerned with a moral duty which any person owes without a legal bondage.

A sense of duty is paramount for the proper development of civilization. Hypocrisy is quite reverse to the sense of duty. It involves wickedness, while duty involves sincerity and faithfulness.

  1. Moral duty towards our motherland

  2. Moral duty towards our parents

  3. Moral duty towards the poor

  4. Moral duty to contribute to the welfare of humanity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The passage mentions duties towards parents, the poor, and humanity. It does not mention a duty towards the motherland.

Multiple choice

“We should always observe from the standpoint of others.” This is a—

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and pick out the best answer out of the
four choices given in the questions that follow.

A duty is an obligation. It is something we owe to others as social beings when we live together. We must let others live with us. My right of living implies my duty to my fellow beings to allow them the same conditions of life. In fact, rights and duties are correlated. What is a right in regard to one may be a duty in regard to others. Rights and duties are two sides of the same coin. We should always observe from the standpoint of others. Moral duty is more effective than legal rights. A moral duty is that which is binding upon the people on moral grounds. It is my moral duty to help the poor because of being a member of the society.

I must try to create conditions that contribute to the welfare of humanity. Similarly, I owe a duty to my parents—to be obedient and respectful to them. This duty originates from the sense of responsibility which is directly related to our conscience. So this is concerned with a moral duty which any person owes without a legal bondage.

A sense of duty is paramount for the proper development of civilization. Hypocrisy is quite reverse to the sense of duty. It involves wickedness, while duty involves sincerity and faithfulness.

  1. simple sentence

  2. complex sentence

  3. compound sentence

  4. phrase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A simple sentence consists of one independent clause. 'We should always observe from the standpoint of others' has one subject and one predicate, making it a simple sentence.

Multiple choice

Why should I be obedient and respectful to my parents?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and pick out the best answer out of the
four choices given in the questions that follow.

A duty is an obligation. It is something we owe to others as social beings when we live together. We must let others live with us. My right of living implies my duty to my fellow beings to allow them the same conditions of life. In fact, rights and duties are correlated. What is a right in regard to one may be a duty in regard to others. Rights and duties are two sides of the same coin. We should always observe from the standpoint of others. Moral duty is more effective than legal rights. A moral duty is that which is binding upon the people on moral grounds. It is my moral duty to help the poor because of being a member of the society.

I must try to create conditions that contribute to the welfare of humanity. Similarly, I owe a duty to my parents—to be obedient and respectful to them. This duty originates from the sense of responsibility which is directly related to our conscience. So this is concerned with a moral duty which any person owes without a legal bondage.

A sense of duty is paramount for the proper development of civilization. Hypocrisy is quite reverse to the sense of duty. It involves wickedness, while duty involves sincerity and faithfulness.

  1. Because of my sense of responsibility

  2. Because of legal bonding

  3. Because of civilization

  4. Because of hypocrisy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The passage states that the duty to parents originates from the sense of responsibility, which is related to our conscience.

Multiple choice

Why is it a duty to help the poor?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and pick out the best answer out of the
four choices given in the questions that follow.

A duty is an obligation. It is something we owe to others as social beings when we live together. We must let others live with us. My right of living implies my duty to my fellow beings to allow them the same conditions of life. In fact, rights and duties are correlated. What is a right in regard to one may be a duty in regard to others. Rights and duties are two sides of the same coin. We should always observe from the standpoint of others. Moral duty is more effective than legal rights. A moral duty is that which is binding upon the people on moral grounds. It is my moral duty to help the poor because of being a member of the society.

I must try to create conditions that contribute to the welfare of humanity. Similarly, I owe a duty to my parents—to be obedient and respectful to them. This duty originates from the sense of responsibility which is directly related to our conscience. So this is concerned with a moral duty which any person owes without a legal bondage.

A sense of duty is paramount for the proper development of civilization. Hypocrisy is quite reverse to the sense of duty. It involves wickedness, while duty involves sincerity and faithfulness.

  1. Because I am poor

  2. Because I am rich

  3. Because I belong to the society

  4. Because God wants this
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The text explicitly states: 'It is my moral duty to help the poor because of being a member of the society.'

Multiple choice

The word 'always' in “We should always observe from the standpoint of others” is a/an

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and pick out the best answer out of the
four choices given in the questions that follow.

A duty is an obligation. It is something we owe to others as social beings when we live together. We must let others live with us. My right of living implies my duty to my fellow beings to allow them the same conditions of life. In fact, rights and duties are correlated. What is a right in regard to one may be a duty in regard to others. Rights and duties are two sides of the same coin. We should always observe from the standpoint of others. Moral duty is more effective than legal rights. A moral duty is that which is binding upon the people on moral grounds. It is my moral duty to help the poor because of being a member of the society.

I must try to create conditions that contribute to the welfare of humanity. Similarly, I owe a duty to my parents—to be obedient and respectful to them. This duty originates from the sense of responsibility which is directly related to our conscience. So this is concerned with a moral duty which any person owes without a legal bondage.

A sense of duty is paramount for the proper development of civilization. Hypocrisy is quite reverse to the sense of duty. It involves wickedness, while duty involves sincerity and faithfulness.

  1. adverb

  2. adjective

  3. noun

  4. verb
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The word 'always' modifies the verb 'observe' by indicating frequency, which makes it an adverb.

Multiple choice

Directions: The short passage below is followed by a question based on its content. Answer the question on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.

The very act of placing our assets in the hands of other people requires immense trust. An untrustworthy stockbroker or insurance agent, like an untrustworthy physician or attorney, finds few takers for his or her services. Financial scandals shock us precisely because they involve people and institutions that we should be able to trust. Finance is not a clearly identifiable occupation or profession and involves a highly technical body of knowledge, but people who are trained in finance engage in a much wider range of activities. Accountants, by contrast, do much the same work in every setting, and the different accounting functions — public and management accounting or external and internal auditing — raise similar ethical problems that can be identified and addressed in a code of ethics.

What is the primary purpose of the passage?

  1. The accounting ethics focus on the ethical problems of a relatively uniform activity.

  2. A moment's reflection reveals that finance would be impossible without ethics.

  3. Finance is not a limited field; in fact it involves broad range of activities.

  4. The field of finance requires immense trust as its one essential characteristic.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The opening sentence states the crux of the passage: “trust” is the very basis of finance. Option (2) emphasizes on “ethics (trust) in finance” which is more general and covers the entire field of finance. Hence, (2) is the answer.

Multiple choice

You are a new employee at a manufacturing unit of an MNC. You have got this job with great difficulty as nearly 50 candidates had appeared for the job interview. You find that some of the manufacturing processes in the unit are in gross violation of environmental norms and cause severe ground water depletion. If the company does not adopt such measures, then its manufacturing cost would go up and the unit might have to be shut down. You would

  1. quit your job in protest against violation of environmental laws

  2. request the management to change the manufacturing process to environmental law compliant one

  3. collect evidence and write to the Pollution Control Board despite knowing that this may lead to closure of the unit and you yourself losing your job

  4. let things continue as they are, as checking pollution is the job of the Pollution Control Board
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The situation in the question aims to evaluate whether, as an individual, you object to violation of laws which you witness happening around you, or whether you would yourself become a party to it so as to suit your own interest. Option (3) best fulfills the aforesaid objective. Option (2) is also a daring and conscientious act. But it is fraught with the possibility of not being heeded by the management and even of the worker being thrown out of job without any positive result. As such it is not the best option.  By quitting ones job in protest (Option (1)), one may be able to show that he is not going to be a party to an illegal activity. But this in itself is not going to deter the wrongdoer or bring it to the knowledge of the law enforcement agency.  Option (4) is reflective of a defeatist approach. Besides it makes one accept and be a party to an illegal act. Principle/Value Tested       Belief in reporting violation of laws to the agencies concerned vis-à-vis acceptance of violation of law as a norm/ to suit personal interest

Multiple choice

You are a government servant living in a government house. You have made several complaints to the government civic agency (CPWD, which is entrusted with maintenance of the house) for carrying out certain urgent civil repairs. The agency has failed to do so. Meanwhile a private civil contractor who does odd jobs at your office has offered to do the repairs. He would inflate the bills of office work in lieu of that. You would

  1. Get the repairs done by the private contractor. As at least the work would be done. Even if CPWD does the work, eventually the cost would be borne by the Government only, which would be the case if the private contractor does it.

  2. Make a formal written complaint to higher officials in CPWD and point out the negligence of CPWD officials and problems being faced by you

  3. Approach the CPWD officials required to do the work and again make a verbal request, lest a written complaint annoy them

  4. Continue without taking any action and wait for CPWD to carry out the repairs in due course
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Logic/Reasoning  Making a formal written complaint (Option (2)) is the best course of action even though it may not be appearing to yield immediate result.  Meeting the officials and making a verbal request is another good course of action (Option (3)), but where the authorities concerned have not been responding at all, another verbal request may only prove to be facile. However, it is better than not doing anything at all (Option (d)).   By exercising Option (1) one may be able to get the work done quickly but it does nothing to correct an inefficient system. Besides, one may compromise one’s official position by taking favour from an office contractor and also subvert an office rule. Principle/Value Tested Respecting/adopting the correct path to seek remedy in public domain vis-à-vis adopting effective but illegal short cuts

Multiple choice

What is the moral of Qixi Legend?

  1. To help other and make yourself a blessing

  2. True love can overcome all the hardships and barriers.

  3. We should ask for parents' permission to get married.

  4. Happiness is built upon hard work and skills.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Qixi legend is a classic tale of enduring love, symbolizing that true love can overcome even the greatest obstacles, such as being separated by the Milky Way.

Multiple choice

Which of these does NOT describe confidentiality for a client?

  1. Discuss tax calculations with the client

  2. Discuss the tax implications of a client with your manager

  3. Discuss tax affairs of a client with your friend

  4. Leave tax papers in a locked cupboard at the end of the day
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Confidentiality requires protecting client information. Discussing a client's private tax affairs with a friend is a breach of professional confidentiality.

Multiple choice

What is the role of ethics in guiding the decision-making process in art conservation?

  1. To ensure that conservators act in the best interests of the artwork

  2. To promote transparency and accountability in conservation practice

  3. To foster collaboration and communication among conservators and other stakeholders

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Ethics plays a crucial role in guiding the decision-making process in art conservation, ensuring that conservators act in the best interests of the artwork, promoting transparency and accountability, and fostering collaboration and communication among conservators and other stakeholders.

Multiple choice

What is the ethical obligation of a shooter towards their equipment?

  1. To maintain their firearm in a safe and functional condition.

  2. To use only ammunition that is appropriate for their firearm.

  3. To store their firearm and ammunition securely when not in use.

  4. All of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Shooters have a responsibility to ensure that their equipment is safe and properly maintained.

Multiple choice

What is the ethical principle of honesty in shooting sports?

  1. Being truthful about your scores and results.

  2. Not cheating or attempting to gain an unfair advantage.

  3. Admitting your mistakes and accepting the consequences.

  4. All of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Honesty is a fundamental principle in shooting sports, requiring shooters to be truthful and fair in their actions.