Early Human and Prehistoric Cultures

Why did the Mound Builders migrate to the Central America?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

In various parts of the continent, remains are found of the people who settled the country in prehistoric times. Through the Mississippi Valley, from the Lakes to the Gulf, extends a succession of defensive earthworks. Similar ruins are found in various other sections of the United States.

The largest forest trees are often found growing upon them. The Indians have no tradition as to the origin of these structures. They generally crown steep hills, and consist of embankments, ditches, etc. indicating considerable acquaintance with military science. At Newark, Ohio, afortification exists which covers an area of more than two miles square, and has over two miles of embankment from two to twenty feet high.

A specific example of earthwork featuring animals is found in

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

In various parts of the continent, remains are found of the people who settled the country in prehistoric times. Through the Mississippi Valley, from the Lakes to the Gulf, extends a succession of defensive earthworks. Similar ruins are found in various other sections of the United States.

The largest forest trees are often found growing upon them. The Indians have no tradition as to the origin of these structures. They generally crown steep hills, and consist of embankments, ditches, etc. indicating considerable acquaintance with military science. At Newark, Ohio, afortification exists which covers an area of more than two miles square, and has over two miles of embankment from two to twenty feet high.

Mounds are normally used for

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

In various parts of the continent, remains are found of the people who settled the country in prehistoric times. Through the Mississippi Valley, from the Lakes to the Gulf, extends a succession of defensive earthworks. Similar ruins are found in various other sections of the United States.

The largest forest trees are often found growing upon them. The Indians have no tradition as to the origin of these structures. They generally crown steep hills, and consist of embankments, ditches, etc. indicating considerable acquaintance with military science. At Newark, Ohio, afortification exists which covers an area of more than two miles square, and has over two miles of embankment from two to twenty feet high.

A lot of monuments in Ohio were constructed by Mexicans.

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

In various parts of the continent, remains are found of the people who settled the country in prehistoric times. Through the Mississippi Valley, from the Lakes to the Gulf, extends a succession of defensive earthworks. Similar ruins are found in various other sections of the United States.

The largest forest trees are often found growing upon them. The Indians have no tradition as to the origin of these structures. They generally crown steep hills, and consist of embankments, ditches, etc. indicating considerable acquaintance with military science. At Newark, Ohio, afortification exists which covers an area of more than two miles square, and has over two miles of embankment from two to twenty feet high.

What is the area covered by the mound opposite to St. Louis?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

In various parts of the continent, remains are found of the people who settled the country in prehistoric times. Through the Mississippi Valley, from the Lakes to the Gulf, extends a succession of defensive earthworks. Similar ruins are found in various other sections of the United States.

The largest forest trees are often found growing upon them. The Indians have no tradition as to the origin of these structures. They generally crown steep hills, and consist of embankments, ditches, etc. indicating considerable acquaintance with military science. At Newark, Ohio, afortification exists which covers an area of more than two miles square, and has over two miles of embankment from two to twenty feet high.

Which of the following remains prove the settlement of Indians in The United States?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

In various parts of the continent, remains are found of the people who settled the country in prehistoric times. Through the Mississippi Valley, from the Lakes to the Gulf, extends a succession of defensive earthworks. Similar ruins are found in various other sections of the United States.

The largest forest trees are often found growing upon them. The Indians have no tradition as to the origin of these structures. They generally crown steep hills, and consist of embankments, ditches, etc. indicating considerable acquaintance with military science. At Newark, Ohio, afortification exists which covers an area of more than two miles square, and has over two miles of embankment from two to twenty feet high.

The United States has various kinds of ruins and remains.

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

In various parts of the continent, remains are found of the people who settled the country in prehistoric times. Through the Mississippi Valley, from the Lakes to the Gulf, extends a succession of defensive earthworks. Similar ruins are found in various other sections of the United States.

The largest forest trees are often found growing upon them. The Indians have no tradition as to the origin of these structures. They generally crown steep hills, and consist of embankments, ditches, etc. indicating considerable acquaintance with military science. At Newark, Ohio, afortification exists which covers an area of more than two miles square, and has over two miles of embankment from two to twenty feet high.

According to the passage, remains of which of the following have not been discovered in Peru ?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

In various parts of the continent, remains are found of the people who settled the country in prehistoric times. Through the Mississippi Valley, from the Lakes to the Gulf, extends a succession of defensive earthworks. Similar ruins are found in various other sections of the United States.

The largest forest trees are often found growing upon them. The Indians have no tradition as to the origin of these structures. They generally crown steep hills, and consist of embankments, ditches, etc. indicating considerable acquaintance with military science. At Newark, Ohio, afortification exists which covers an area of more than two miles square, and has over two miles of embankment from two to twenty feet high.

Which of the following was not the occupation of Mound Builders?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

In various parts of the continent, remains are found of the people who settled the country in prehistoric times. Through the Mississippi Valley, from the Lakes to the Gulf, extends a succession of defensive earthworks. Similar ruins are found in various other sections of the United States.

The largest forest trees are often found growing upon them. The Indians have no tradition as to the origin of these structures. They generally crown steep hills, and consist of embankments, ditches, etc. indicating considerable acquaintance with military science. At Newark, Ohio, afortification exists which covers an area of more than two miles square, and has over two miles of embankment from two to twenty feet high.

The purpose of passage I is to

Directions: Answer the question on the basis of what is stated or implied in the twin passage.

Passage – I
When it comes to Stone Age technology, it seems, Africa and Eurasia were something of a Silicon Valley, while eastern Asia, until recently, was considered more like a Rust Belt. Human ancestors in Africa and Eurasia were making relatively advanced large stone tools like axes and cleavers hundreds of thousands of years ago. But no similar tools from that time had been found in Asia, supporting a theory that the region was geographically, and thus culturally and perhaps genetically, isolated.
That theory has now taken a pounding, after the announcement, in the current issue of the journal Science, of the discovery of large stone tools in Southern China. The tools, cobbles and large stone flakes that had been extensively chipped into cutting shapes, were dated to about 800,000 years ago. So it appears that the hominids of eastern Asia were as technologically advanced as their counterparts in Africa and Eurasia.
Still, advanced tools have now been found from only one date in eastern Asia, while in Africa and Eurasia they range over about a million years. The authors of the Science paper suggest why this might be: the hominids of the Chinese site might have been taking advantage of a change in their local environment.
Found among the sediments at the site were tektites, glassy objects that can result from a catastrophic event like a meteorite impact, as well as much charcoal. The researchers suggest that the event that created the tektites would have caused wide burning and destruction of forests, exposing cobble outcroppings. The early humans then eventually came to make use of the available stone.

Passage - II
Chinese art goes back many centuries. Early themes were developed from religious and supernatural beliefs or from the natural environment and landscape. One of the oldest and most basic forms of Chinese art is calligraphy, the painting of the Chinese characters with a brush. Calligraphy has developed as a pure art form with its own standards of excellence. Building on the tradition of calligraphy, Chinese painting developed a distinctive style that differs greatly from Western painting. It is more efficient in terms of brushstrokes and appears more abstract. Landscapes have always been a popular theme, and sometimes these appear bizarre to the Western eye. To the Chinese painter, they may represent a figurative view painted with a few swift strokes of the artist's brush. With their stress on simplicity and economy, Chinese calligraphy, painting, and poetry are closely related. In all of them, the artist seeks to express both inner harmony and harmony with the natural surroundings. Chinese poets and painters often have sought inspiration by withdrawing to isolated, mountainous areas, and these landscapes have become conventional themes of Chinese art. Similarly, Chinese architecture has traditionally aimed to convey harmony with society and nature. The magnificent life-size terra-cotta statues of men and horses, discovered in the early 1970s in the tomb of an emperor who died in 210 BC, provide some indication of the long history of Chinese sculpture. After the introduction of Buddhism into China, Buddhist subjects became dominant themes of the sculptor's art. Perhaps best known (and most copied) in the West, however, are the works of Chinese decorative artists, such as pottery, bronzes, lacquer ware, and exquisitely detailed jade and ivory carvings.

Directions: Answer the question on the basis of what is stated or implied in the twin passage.

Passage – I
When it comes to Stone Age technology, it seems, Africa and Eurasia were something of a Silicon Valley, while eastern Asia, until recently, was considered more like a Rust Belt. Human ancestors in Africa and Eurasia were making relatively advanced large stone tools like axes and cleavers hundreds of thousands of years ago. But no similar tools from that time had been found in Asia, supporting a theory that the region was geographically, and thus culturally and perhaps genetically, isolated.
That theory has now taken a pounding, after the announcement, in the current issue of the journal Science, of the discovery of large stone tools in Southern China. The tools, cobbles and large stone flakes that had been extensively chipped into cutting shapes, were dated to about 800,000 years ago. So it appears that the hominids of eastern Asia were as technologically advanced as their counterparts in Africa and Eurasia.
Still, advanced tools have now been found from only one date in eastern Asia, while in Africa and Eurasia they range over about a million years. The authors of the Science paper suggest why this might be: the hominids of the Chinese site might have been taking advantage of a change in their local environment.
Found among the sediments at the site were tektites, glassy objects that can result from a catastrophic event like a meteorite impact, as well as much charcoal. The researchers suggest that the event that created the tektites would have caused wide burning and destruction of forests, exposing cobble outcroppings. The early humans then eventually came to make use of the available stone.

Passage - II
Chinese art goes back many centuries. Early themes were developed from religious and supernatural beliefs or from the natural environment and landscape. One of the oldest and most basic forms of Chinese art is calligraphy, the painting of the Chinese characters with a brush. Calligraphy has developed as a pure art form with its own standards of excellence. Building on the tradition of calligraphy, Chinese painting developed a distinctive style that differs greatly from Western painting. It is more efficient in terms of brushstrokes and appears more abstract. Landscapes have always been a popular theme, and sometimes these appear bizarre to the Western eye. To the Chinese painter, they may represent a figurative view painted with a few swift strokes of the artist's brush. With their stress on simplicity and economy, Chinese calligraphy, painting, and poetry are closely related. In all of them, the artist seeks to express both inner harmony and harmony with the natural surroundings. Chinese poets and painters often have sought inspiration by withdrawing to isolated, mountainous areas, and these landscapes have become conventional themes of Chinese art. Similarly, Chinese architecture has traditionally aimed to convey harmony with society and nature. The magnificent life-size terra-cotta statues of men and horses, discovered in the early 1970s in the tomb of an emperor who died in 210 BC, provide some indication of the long history of Chinese sculpture. After the introduction of Buddhism into China, Buddhist subjects became dominant themes of the sculptor's art. Perhaps best known (and most copied) in the West, however, are the works of Chinese decorative artists, such as pottery, bronzes, lacquer ware, and exquisitely detailed jade and ivory carvings.

What is the main idea of Passage I?

Directions: Answer the question on the basis of what is stated or implied in the twin passage.

Passage – I
When it comes to Stone Age technology, it seems, Africa and Eurasia were something of a Silicon Valley, while eastern Asia, until recently, was considered more like a Rust Belt. Human ancestors in Africa and Eurasia were making relatively advanced large stone tools like axes and cleavers hundreds of thousands of years ago. But no similar tools from that time had been found in Asia, supporting a theory that the region was geographically, and thus culturally and perhaps genetically, isolated.
That theory has now taken a pounding, after the announcement, in the current issue of the journal Science, of the discovery of large stone tools in Southern China. The tools, cobbles and large stone flakes that had been extensively chipped into cutting shapes, were dated to about 800,000 years ago. So it appears that the hominids of eastern Asia were as technologically advanced as their counterparts in Africa and Eurasia.
Still, advanced tools have now been found from only one date in eastern Asia, while in Africa and Eurasia they range over about a million years. The authors of the Science paper suggest why this might be: the hominids of the Chinese site might have been taking advantage of a change in their local environment.
Found among the sediments at the site were tektites, glassy objects that can result from a catastrophic event like a meteorite impact, as well as much charcoal. The researchers suggest that the event that created the tektites would have caused wide burning and destruction of forests, exposing cobble outcroppings. The early humans then eventually came to make use of the available stone.

Passage - II
Chinese art goes back many centuries. Early themes were developed from religious and supernatural beliefs or from the natural environment and landscape. One of the oldest and most basic forms of Chinese art is calligraphy, the painting of the Chinese characters with a brush. Calligraphy has developed as a pure art form with its own standards of excellence. Building on the tradition of calligraphy, Chinese painting developed a distinctive style that differs greatly from Western painting. It is more efficient in terms of brushstrokes and appears more abstract. Landscapes have always been a popular theme, and sometimes these appear bizarre to the Western eye. To the Chinese painter, they may represent a figurative view painted with a few swift strokes of the artist's brush. With their stress on simplicity and economy, Chinese calligraphy, painting, and poetry are closely related. In all of them, the artist seeks to express both inner harmony and harmony with the natural surroundings. Chinese poets and painters often have sought inspiration by withdrawing to isolated, mountainous areas, and these landscapes have become conventional themes of Chinese art. Similarly, Chinese architecture has traditionally aimed to convey harmony with society and nature. The magnificent life-size terra-cotta statues of men and horses, discovered in the early 1970s in the tomb of an emperor who died in 210 BC, provide some indication of the long history of Chinese sculpture. After the introduction of Buddhism into China, Buddhist subjects became dominant themes of the sculptor's art. Perhaps best known (and most copied) in the West, however, are the works of Chinese decorative artists, such as pottery, bronzes, lacquer ware, and exquisitely detailed jade and ivory carvings.

Directions: Answer the question on the basis of what is stated or implied in the twin passage.

Passage – I
When it comes to Stone Age technology, it seems, Africa and Eurasia were something of a Silicon Valley, while eastern Asia, until recently, was considered more like a Rust Belt. Human ancestors in Africa and Eurasia were making relatively advanced large stone tools like axes and cleavers hundreds of thousands of years ago. But no similar tools from that time had been found in Asia, supporting a theory that the region was geographically, and thus culturally and perhaps genetically, isolated.
That theory has now taken a pounding, after the announcement, in the current issue of the journal Science, of the discovery of large stone tools in Southern China. The tools, cobbles and large stone flakes that had been extensively chipped into cutting shapes, were dated to about 800,000 years ago. So it appears that the hominids of eastern Asia were as technologically advanced as their counterparts in Africa and Eurasia.
Still, advanced tools have now been found from only one date in eastern Asia, while in Africa and Eurasia they range over about a million years. The authors of the Science paper suggest why this might be: the hominids of the Chinese site might have been taking advantage of a change in their local environment.
Found among the sediments at the site were tektites, glassy objects that can result from a catastrophic event like a meteorite impact, as well as much charcoal. The researchers suggest that the event that created the tektites would have caused wide burning and destruction of forests, exposing cobble outcroppings. The early humans then eventually came to make use of the available stone.

Passage - II
Chinese art goes back many centuries. Early themes were developed from religious and supernatural beliefs or from the natural environment and landscape. One of the oldest and most basic forms of Chinese art is calligraphy, the painting of the Chinese characters with a brush. Calligraphy has developed as a pure art form with its own standards of excellence. Building on the tradition of calligraphy, Chinese painting developed a distinctive style that differs greatly from Western painting. It is more efficient in terms of brushstrokes and appears more abstract. Landscapes have always been a popular theme, and sometimes these appear bizarre to the Western eye. To the Chinese painter, they may represent a figurative view painted with a few swift strokes of the artist's brush. With their stress on simplicity and economy, Chinese calligraphy, painting, and poetry are closely related. In all of them, the artist seeks to express both inner harmony and harmony with the natural surroundings. Chinese poets and painters often have sought inspiration by withdrawing to isolated, mountainous areas, and these landscapes have become conventional themes of Chinese art. Similarly, Chinese architecture has traditionally aimed to convey harmony with society and nature. The magnificent life-size terra-cotta statues of men and horses, discovered in the early 1970s in the tomb of an emperor who died in 210 BC, provide some indication of the long history of Chinese sculpture. After the introduction of Buddhism into China, Buddhist subjects became dominant themes of the sculptor's art. Perhaps best known (and most copied) in the West, however, are the works of Chinese decorative artists, such as pottery, bronzes, lacquer ware, and exquisitely detailed jade and ivory carvings.