Biology

Pregnancy and Childbirth

996 Questions

This hub covers essential biology questions on pregnancy, fetal development, and childbirth. Topics include the placenta, maternal physiology, and the stages of labor. These concepts are frequently tested in general science sections of various competitive examinations.

Placenta and fetal nutritionStages of laborMaternal immune systemPregnancy complications

Pregnancy and Childbirth Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are false?

a. For attaining total reproductive health as a social goal, India has started programmes and action plans at national level. b. Amniocentesis is a foetal sex determination test based on the chromosomal pattern in the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing embryo. c. The principle of natural methods of contraception is to avoid the release of ovum from the ovaries.

  1. Only a

  2. Only a and b

  3. Only b

  4. Only b and c

  5. Only c
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option as this statement is false. The principle of natural methods of contraception is to avoid chances of sperms meeting the ovum.

Multiple choice

Parietal placentation is found in

  1. tomato and lemon

  2. dianthus and primrose

  3. mustard and prgemone

  4. sunflower and marigold

  5. pea and china rose
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In parietal placentation, the ovules develop on the inner wall of the ovary.

Multiple choice

In humans, placenta is

  1. endotheliochorial

  2. endothelial

  3. epitheliochorial

  4. dichorionic

  5. haemochorial
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Placenta is haemochorial in humans.

Multiple choice

Which of the following types of placentation is found in apple and hibiscus?

  1. Marginal placentation

  2. Free Central placentation

  3. Axile placentation

  4. Free basal placentation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In this type, the ovary has two or more carpels, syncarpous and has two or more locules. The ovules are borne at or near the centre on the axis formed by the union and fusion of the septa (partitions) and usually in vertical rows e.g., apple, hibiscus etc..

Multiple choice

____________ is refered as the womb of a woman.

  1. Ovaries

  2. Vulva

  3. Vagina

  4. Uterus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The uterus or womb is a hollow, muscular organ in which a fertilized egg, called the zygote, becomes embedded and in which the egg is nourished and allowed to develop until birth. It lies in the pelvic cavity behind the bladder and in front of the bowel.

Multiple choice

Which of the following diseases in the newborn is not a manifestation of maternal IgG antibody crossing the placenta?

  1. Myaesthenia gravis

  2. Malar rash

  3. HIV infection

  4. Thyrotoxicosis

  5. Haemolytic disease of the newborn (rhesus)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

HIV infection is due to transmission of the HIV virus, not the antibody. However, the presence of maternal anti-HIV IgG can lead to diagnostic difficulty. It is therefore necessary to confirm HIV infection in the newborn by the presence of viral DNA or RNA using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is false regarding normal birth in humans?

  1. As the uterus contracts, blood flow through the uterine artery is interrupted.

  2. Fetal blood oxygen levels can be 4 – 6 kPa (30 – 45 mmHg) without causing brain damage.

  3. The fetal brain can use alternative fuels such as ketones, if the supply of glucose is interrupted.  

  4. The umbilical arterial pH is the same or higher than the venous pH.

  5. Most babies are cyanosed at birth.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The umbilical artery caries used blood away from the fetus and so the pH can never be higher than in the vein.

Multiple choice

Which one of the following is true of congenital abnormalities seen in the newborn baby?

  1. Deformations are typically due to an insult in the first trimester whereas malformations occur due to insults in the second or third trimester.

  2. Congenital anomaly allows researchers to identify clusters of abnormality and may allow earlier identification of a teratogenic source.

  3. Deformities of the skull bones are extremely rare and need urgent neurosurgical referral.

  4. An abnormal uterus or breech position does not cause limb abnormalities to occur.

  5. Talipes equinovarus responds best to early corrective surgery by an orthopaedic surgeon.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

It is important to monitor congenital abnormalities to understand their aetiology. Preconception folic acid supplementation to prevent spina bifida shows the benefit of recognizing high-risk groups.

Multiple choice

In a woman a twin pregnancy is identified at 12 weeks' gestation. One placenta and one separate amniotic sac are identified. In which of the following scenarios, is this is most likely to arise?

  1. Ovulation induction

  2. ICSI with single embryo transfer

  3. Natural conception

  4. Family history of multiple pregnancy in sister

  5. Maternal age 35 – 39 years
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This increases the risk of monochorionic monoamniotic (MCMA) twins by 5 times.

Multiple choice

What does a test tube baby mean?

  1. Transplantation in the uterus

  2. Fertillisation in vitro

  3. Fertilisation in vitro & then transplantation in the uterus.

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Test tube baby refers to a baby conceived through in vitro fertilization (IVF), where fertilization occurs outside the body in a laboratory dish (in vitro) and the resulting embryo is then transferred to the uterus for implantation and development. Options A and B are incomplete - they describe only one part of the process.