Political Systems and Government

A federal system describes a political structure where states are united under a central government but retain independence in internal matters. 'Capital' refers to a city, not a system. 'Creole' refers to people of mixed descent. 'Collectivism' is a social/cultural philosophy, not a political structure.

Plutocracy comes from the Greek word 'ploutos' meaning wealth, referring to a system where the wealthy hold power. Oligarchy is rule by a few, Aristocracy is rule by the elite/best, and Bureaucracy refers to administration by officials.

Tyranny refers to cruel and oppressive government or rule, typically by one person (autocracy). "Democracy" is the opposite concept. "Large" and "dependent" don't capture the meaning of oppressive power.

An egalitarian system emphasizes equality among all citizens, making option B correct. Totalitarian concentrates power in one authority. Democracy involves voting rights but egalitarian specifically emphasizes equality as the core principle. Option C appears to be a misspelling or nonexistent term.

Anarchy refers to the absence of a formal governing body or political authority. It can describe a state of society where there is no recognized government, or political disorder and confusion resulting from this absence.

The 'Fourth Estate' refers to the press and journalism. The term originated from the traditional three estates (clergy, nobility, commoners) and highlights the media's role in society as a watchdog and informer. The police, judiciary, and ministry are part of the executive and judicial branches, not the fourth estate.

Option (1) is the correct answer. Anarchy means a state of disorder and democracy means a government by the people.

Khalisa lands were territories directly administered by the Sultan, not through intermediaries like Amirs or local chiefs. The revenue from these lands went straight to the royal treasury, making option B correct. Option A is incorrect because Khalisa administration was handled by royal officers directly appointed by the Sultan, not by the general central bureaucracy. Option C is wrong since the defining feature of Khalisa was direct royal control, bypassing the Amirs altogether.

Anarchy means general lawlessness and confusion arising from the failure of the government.

Oligarchy is the government by the few.

Authority is the power to determine, adjudicate or otherwise settle issues or disputes; the right to control, command or determine. 

Part XI(11) of the Indian constitution defines the power distribution between the federal government (the Centre) and the States in India. Both central and state government doesn't have co-ordinate status.

Due to centre’s control of the state in planning process Centre – State relation termed as municipal relation.

(2) “Succession of Government” means change of internal sovereignty through constitutional revolutionary processes.