Biology

Plant Transport and Physiology

1,834 Questions

Access a comprehensive set of questions on plant transport mechanisms and physiological adaptations. Topics include water movement, translocation of food, and plant responses to external stimuli. These biology questions are essential for medical entrance exams and other science competitive tests.

Xylem and phloem transportTranspiration and evaporationPlant adaptationsGeotropic and phototropic responsesWater absorption by rootsRespiration in roots

Plant Transport and Physiology Questions

Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

The waxy surface of floating leaves of the hydrophytes prevents

  1. Respiration

  2. Photosynthesis

  3. Transpiration

  4. Clogging of stomata
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Hydrophytes are water loving plants. The hydrophytes with floating leaves have large leaves, stomata and waxy coating on the upper surface. The waxy coating prevent wetting and clogging of stomata.

Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

Cuticle in xerophytes acts as a barrier to evaporation and also the shiny surface reflects heat and so lowers temperature.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The aerial organs in xerophytes are covered, thick, waxy covering called cuticle. The cuticle cuts down water loss in two ways: it acts as a barrier to evaporation and also the shiny surface reflects heat and so lowers temperature.
So, the correct option is 'True'.
Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

Effect of $O _{3}$ in plants, involve:

  1. Stomata burning

  2. Oxidizing burning

  3. Reduced survival

  4. All of above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Ozone (O3) is a strong oxidant that can cause damage to plant tissues, including burning of stomata, oxidative stress, and reduced survival rates.

Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

Cuticular transpiration is observed mainly in?

  1. Xerophytes

  2. Herbaceous plants

  3. Trees

  4. Shrubs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Xerophytes are plants adapted to dry environments. They often have a thick waxy cuticle to prevent water loss, and cuticular transpiration becomes a significant pathway for water loss in these conditions.

Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

Which of the following is the major adaptation for a plant to survive in the xerophytic conditions?

  1. Long tap root

  2. Lack of stomata

  3. Spines

  4. Stipular leaves
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

CactI are among the most drought-resistant plants on the planet, due to their absence of leaves, shallow root systems, ability to store water in their stem, spines for shade and waxy skin to seal in moisture. Xerophytes can have smaller leaves or fewer branches than other plants. An example of leaf surface reduction are the spines of a cactus. Spines also protect the plants from animals and collect moisture too.

Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

Halophytes can grow on physiological dry soil due to

  1. Dry soil

  2. Excessive humidity outside

  3. Excessive salts in plants

  4. Excessive salts in water
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Halophytes grow in physiologically dry soil. The soil is having water but the soil solution has a high concentration of salts. Thus, the water is not easily available to plants, because water flows from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential. 

Excess salt in soil solution means the water potential of soil solution is very less. To counter the reduction in water potential in the soil solution, the halophytes maintain a highly concentrated cell sap. So, the concentration of salt is very high in these plants.
So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

Type of plants having adaptations to check transpiration is

  1. Xerophytes

  2. Lithophytes

  3. Halophytes

  4. Epiphytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Xerophytes are the plants of dry habitats, where the environment favours higher rate of transpiration than the rate of absorption. Xerophytes have various adaptations to check water loss and increase water absorption.

Lithophytes are plants that grow in or on rocks.
A halophyte is a plant that grows in waters of high salinity, coming into contact with saline water through its roots or by salt spray, such as in saline semi-deserts, mangrove swamps, marshes and sloughs and seashores. 
An epiphyte is a plant that grows harmlessly upon another plant (such as a tree) and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, and sometimes from debris accumulating around it.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

Submerged hydrophytes exchange gases through

  1. Stomata

  2. Hydathodes

  3. Lenticels

  4. General surface
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Exchange of gases occurs through general surface in submerged hydrophytes. 

Totally submerged plants are the true water plants or hydrophytes. Because they are truly aquatic they have the greatest number of adaptations to life in water. The epidermal (outermost) layer shows very little, if any, sign of cuticle formation. All the surface cells appear to be able to absorb water, nutrients and dissolved gases directly from the surrounding water. 

Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

Read the following statements about adaptations in desert plants and select the correct ones. 
(i) They have a thick cuticle on their leaf surface 
(ii) They have stomata present in deep sunken pits. 
(iii) They use CAM pathway for photosynthesis.
(iv) They have flattened stems and large sized leaves.
(v) Their stomata remain closed during the day.  

  1. (i), (ii) and (iii)

  2. (ii), (iii) and (v)

  3. (i), (ii) and (iv)

  4. (i), (ii), (iii) and (v)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Xerophytes can withstand a prolonged period of drought, for this purpose they have certain peculiar adaptations. Thick cuticle is present in these plants. Stomata are generally sunken (deep seated) and open during night only. They have CAM pathway for photosynthesis. Leaves are generally small and scaly. Sometimes leaves are modified into spines to reduce water loss through transpiration.They generally have an extensive root system and a smaller shoot system.Stems may be modified to phylloclades or dadoes to carry out the function of photosynthesis.
So, the correct answer is '(i), (ii), (iii) and (v)'.
Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

Submerged hydrophytes have commonly dissected leaves for

  1. Decreasing surface area

  2. Increasing surface area

  3. Reducing effect of water currents

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The submerged leaves are often highly dissected or divided. This has the advantage of creating a very large surface area for absorption and photosynthesis. It also minimises water resistance and hence, potential damage to the leaves since moving water (currents and waves) can be damaging to the leaves of the plant.

Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

In xerophytes, photosynthesis, often occurs through

  1. Root

  2. Modified stem

  3. Stomata

  4. Scaly leaves
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Xerophytes are plants, that have small amount of water or moisture, so they have adaptations that allow them to survive in these harsh conditions. These plants are like cactus and other succulents are typically found in deserts. 

Xerophytes have a shortage of water, so have special adaptive features to store or reduce the loss of water, so that photosynthesis and respiration can be carried out. 
For e.g., in Cacti the leaves have become spines, so therefore photosynthesis occurs in the stem. It has many packed cells in the cortex, that can easily store water and the epidermis has a tick waxy cuticle, that reduces water loss. The cacti can close its stomata during the day decreases water lost and then open it at night to let in $CO _2$ for photosynthesis. This photosynthesis process is called as the CAM photosynthesis.

Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

One of the advantages of growing chilli plants between two rows ofgreen gram plants, is that

  1. Chilli plants are protected by the shade of dhal plants

  2. Nitrogenous fertiliser prepared by green gram plants can be utilised

    by chilli plants

  3. Chilli plants get water from green gram plants

  4. Dhal plants are protected from pests in the presence of chilli plants
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Intercropping chilli with green gram (a legume) provides a microclimate benefit. The chilli plants benefit from the shade provided by the taller or denser green gram plants, which helps them survive in intense heat.

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services extreme adaptations adapting to a habit adaptive features aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water

Which combination of the statements is incorrect for the adaptation in cactus?

  1. The cactus plants store water in their stems which carries out photosynthesis and is covered by the cuticle.

  2. Spines are the modified leaves of the cactus plant. Which reduce the loss of water through transpiration.

  3. The cactus plants have very short roots which cannot properly absorb water from the soil.

  4. The cactus plants lose a huge amount of water through transpiration so they cannot survive in deserts for a long time.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C,D Correct answer
Explanation

The succulent stem of the cactus plants usually store water and carry out photosynthesis also. The cactus stem contains a tough and waxy outer layer, called cuticle. The cactus plants possess modified leaves shaped like thin spines or thorns that decrease water loss through transpiration. 

The cactus plants contain long roots that efficiently absorb water from the ground. Due to the low transpiration rate, the cactus plants can remain alive in deserts for a longer period of time. 
So, the options C, The cactus plants have very short roots which cannot properly absorb water from the soil and D, The cactus plants lose a huge amount of water through transpiration so they cannot survive in deserts for a long time are incorrect for the adaptation in cactus.