Chemistry · Science General

Periodic Table and Elements

406 Questions

The periodic table and elements questions test knowledge of chemical properties, atomic structures, and periodic trends. Topics include alkali metals, transition elements, and ionisation potential. These concepts frequently appear in general science sections of competitive examinations.

Alkali metals propertiesTransition elementsLattice energyIonisation potentialAlkaline earth metals

Periodic Table and Elements Questions

Multiple choice chemistry group 17 group 17 - physical properties physical properties of group 17 elements group 17 elements: the halogen family

Consider occurance of the halogen family in the periodic table and choose true statements.
Statement I. Fluorine is the most active nonmetallic element in the periodic table.
Statement II. As you move down the family the state of the halogens is from a solid to a gaseous state.
Statement III. By filling the outermost d orbital, the halogen elements can be converted to ions.

  1. I and III

  2. II only

  3. I and II

  4. I only

  5. II and III
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Only statement I is the true statement. 
Statement I. Fluorine is the most active nonmetallic element in the periodic table.
Statement II. As you move down the family the state of the halogens is from a gas to a solid state.
Thus, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid and iodine is a solid.
Statement III. By filling the outermost p orbital the halogen elements can be converted to ions.

Multiple choice chemistry group 17 group 17 - physical properties physical properties of group 17 elements group 17 elements: the halogen family

Which of the following family exist as diatomic molecules at room temperature?

  1. Alkali metals

  2. Alkaline earth metals

  3. Noble gases

  4. Halogens

  5. Transition metals
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Halogens exist as diatomic molecules at room temperature. The valence shell electronic configuration of halogens is  $\displaystyle ns^2 np^5$.  Two halogen atoms share one electron each to form diatomic molecule in which each halogen atom has completed its octet.

Multiple choice chemistry study of the first element - hydrogen position of hydrogen in the periodic table hydrogen in periodic table trends in groups and periods

In which of the following properties listed below, hydrogen does not show similarity with halogens?

  1. Nature of the oxide

  2. Electropositive character

  3. Combination with alkali metals

  4. Atomicity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Halogens are highly electronegative and form anions, whereas hydrogen can form both H+ and H- but is generally considered to have a different electropositive character than halogens.

Multiple choice chemistry study of the first element - hydrogen position of hydrogen in the periodic table hydrogen in periodic table trends in groups and periods

In which property listed below hydrogen does not resemble alkali metals?

  1. Tendency to form cation

  2. Nature of oxide

  3. Combination with halogens

  4. Reducing character
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Hydrogen shows all other properties like alkali metals (form cation, combine with halogens, reducing nature) but nature of oxide is different than metals.

Multiple choice chemistry study of the first element - hydrogen position of hydrogen in the periodic table hydrogen in periodic table trends in groups and periods

In all its properties, hydrogen resembles:

  1. alkali metals only

  2. halogens only

  3. both alkali metals and halogens

  4. neither alkali metals nor halogens
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Hydrogen resembles alkali metals and halogens in all its properties. The electronic configuration of hydrogen, alkali metals and halogens are $1s^1,  ns^1$ and $ns^2, np^3$ respectively. All are short by one electron from noble gas configuration. Hence, all have similar chemical properties.

Multiple choice chemistry study of the first element - hydrogen position of hydrogen in the periodic table hydrogen in periodic table trends in groups and periods

Hydrogen is similar to alkali metals in terms of:

  1. electronic configuration

  2. reducing agent

  3. valency

  4. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Hydrogen has same electronic configuration as it has only one electrons in its outermost shell. The valency of hydrogen is one and it is a good reducing agent. All these properties are similar to alkali metals.

Multiple choice chemistry study of the first element - hydrogen position of hydrogen in the periodic table hydrogen in periodic table trends in groups and periods

Hydrogen resembles halogens in many respects for which several factors are responsible. Of the following factors which one is the most important in this respect?

  1. Its tendency to lose an electron to form a cation

  2. It tendency to gain a single electron in its valence shell to attain stable electronic configuration

  3. Its low negative electron gain enthalpy value

  4. Its small size
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Hydrogen resembles halogens as it has similar tendency to gain a single electron to attain stable noble gas configuration. The electronic configuration of hydrogen is $1s^1$. It needs one more electron to attain stable electronic configuration of hellium, a noble gas. The electronic configuration of halogen is $ns^2np^5$. It needs one more electron to attain stable electronic configuration of a noble gas.
Multiple choice chemistry study of the first element - hydrogen position of hydrogen in the periodic table hydrogen in periodic table trends in groups and periods

Which of the following statement is correct regarding hydrogen?

  1. Hydrogen shows +1 and -1 oxidation states

  2. Hydrogen is never liberated at anode

  3. Hydrogen has same ionisation enthalpy as that of alkali metals

  4. Hydrogen has same electronegativity as of halogens
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hydrogen has +1 oxidation state in compounds with more electronegative elements e.g. $HF$. It has -1 oxidation state in compounds with more electropositive elements like $NaH$. In the above compounds with $Na$ and $F$ show +1 and -1 oxidation state respectively.

Multiple choice chemistry solid state electrical and magnetic properties of solids impurity defects properties of solids

Select the correct statement.

  1. LiF and MgO are isostructural and also isodimensional, but a crystal of MgO is much harder than one of LiF.
  2. The thermal stability of the isomorphous sulphates of $Ca^{2+}, Sr^{2+}$ and $Ba^{2+}$ w.r.t. decomposition into metal oxide and sulphur trioxide increases in the order $CaSO _4, SrSO _4, BaSO _4$.

  3. Both (a) and (b)

  4. None of above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

LiF and MgO are isostructural and also isodimensional, but a crystal of MgO is much harder than one of LiF because of electronic repulsions in the small sized LiF.
Thermal stability of group 2 sulphates increases down the group. Hence, $CaSO _4 < SrSO _4 < BaSO _4$.

Multiple choice chemistry solid state electrical and magnetic properties of solids impurity defects properties of solids

Frenkel defect is observed in:

  1. $MgCl _2$
  2. $AgCl$
  3. $ZnS$
  4. $AgI$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B,C,D Correct answer
Explanation

Frenkel defect is the defect which is created when an ion leaves its appropriate site in the lattice and occupies an interstitial site. A hole or vacancy is thus produced in the lattice.


Frenkel defect is exhibited in ionic compounds in which the radius ratio is low. The cations and anions differ much in their sizes and the ions have low co-ordination numbers. Examples are ZnS, AgBr, AgI, AgCl.

Multiple choice chemistry the world of carbon organic compounds allotropes of carbon versatile nature of carbon

Which of the following elements shows allotropy ?

  1. Mg

  2. Cs

  3. Sn

  4. Zn
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Allotropy is a phenomenon wherein an element especially from group $13$ to group $16$ exists in more than one form. These forms differ in arrangement of atoms in their crystalline form. Few list of various elements showing allotropy -

 

Forms | | --- | --- | | Carbon : | Graphite, Diamond, Fullerenes | | Sulphur $(S _{8})$: | Rhombic, Monocline, Triclinic sulphur | | Phosphorous $(P _{4})$:  | Red, Black, Yellow | | Tin $(Sn)$: | White, Grey |