Oxidation States and Oxides

Metal oxides are basic in nature because they react with diluted acids to form salt and water. They also dissolve in water to form metal hydroxides which are alkaline in nature. These metal hydroxides release OH- ions, so they are always basic.

Silver nitrate (AgNO₃) is known as Lunar caustic. The central metal in silver nitrate is nitrogen atom.

• 1 + x + 3(- 2) = 0 x - 5 = 0 x = + 5 Hence, the oxidation state of N atom in silver nitrate is + 5. Only option (5) is correct.

Gold fluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula Au₂F₁₀. This fluoride compound features gold in its highest known oxidation state. This red solid dissolves in hydrogen fluoride but these solutions decompose, liberating fluorine.

Ammonium nitrate, is a white crystalline solid at room temperature and standard pressure. It is commonly used in agriculture as a high-nitrogen fertilizer, and has also been used as an oxidizing agent in explosives, including improvised explosive devices.

Molybdenum trioxide is a chemical compound with the formula MoO₃. It occurs as the rare mineral molybdite. Its chief application is as an oxidation catalyst and as a raw material for the production of molybdenum metal.

Bromine pentafluoride is an interhalogen compound and a fluoride of bromine. It is a strong fluorination reagent. It is also used as an oxidizer in liquid rocket propellants and as a fluorinating agent in the processing of uranium.

Ozone has the chemical formula O3, which means it contains three oxygen atoms. It is a triatomic molecule and an allotrope of oxygen.

This option is correct as the outer electronic configuration of Cr is 3d⁵4S¹, and can exhibit  +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 oxidation states.

Calcium oxide has the chemical formula CaO. Calcium has a +2 charge and oxygen has a -2 charge, so they combine in a 1:1 ratio to form a neutral compound.

Fe is in +3 oxidation state in transferrin as well as ferritin.

In the chromate ion (CrO4^2-), oxygen has an oxidation number of -2. Since there are 4 oxygen atoms contributing -8 total and the ion has a -2 charge, the chromium must be +6 to balance: +6 + (-8) = -2.

In [Pt(en)(H2O)2(NO2)(Cl)]^2+: ethylenediamine (en) is neutral (0), each H2O is neutral (0), NO2^- is -1, Cl^- is -1, and the overall charge is +2. So: Pt + (0) + (0+0) + (-1) + (-1) = +2, therefore Pt = +4.

Oxygen (O2) exhibits paramagnetism because it has two unpaired electrons in its molecular orbital configuration. Paramagnetic substances are weakly attracted to magnetic fields due to unpaired electrons. This is why liquid oxygen can be held between the poles of a magnet.