Physics

Nuclear and Atomic Physics

571 Questions

Nuclear and atomic physics explores the components and properties of the nucleus, including isotopes, radioactive decay, and fundamental forces. These concepts are essential for various competitive exams requiring a strong foundation in physics. The provided questions cover structural properties, mass, energy equivalence, and particle interactions.

Nucleus propertiesIsotopes and mass numberAlpha particle scatteringNuclear forcesMass energy equivalenceBeta particle emission

Nuclear and Atomic Physics Questions

Multiple choice physics nuclei nuclear force the nuclear force nuclear force and binding energy

Among gravitational,electrostatic and nuclear forces,the two attractive forces between two neutrons are

  1. Electrostatic and nuclear

  2. Electrostatic and gravitational

  3. Gravitational and nuclear

  4. Electrostatic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Neutrons have no charge on them. So, there is no electrostatic force. But we have gravitational and nuclear forces on two neutrons because neutrons have masses and gravitational force depends on mass.
So, correct choice is option C.

Multiple choice physics nuclei nuclear force the nuclear force nuclear force and binding energy

Among the following interactions, the one of least significance in nuclear physics is

  1. nuclear interaction

  2. gravitational interaction

  3. electrostatic interaction

  4. electromagnetic interaction
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Since, masses of electrons, protons and neutrons are negligible. So, we often neglect gravitational interaction in nuclear physics.

Multiple choice physics nuclei nuclear force the nuclear force nuclear force and binding energy

Two protons are kept at a separation of $10$nm. Let $F _{n}$ be the nuclear force and $F _{e}$ be electromagnetic force between them. Then,

  1. $F _{e}= F _{n}$
  2. $F _{e}>> F _{n}$
  3. $F _{e}<< F _{n}$
  4. $F _{n}= F _{e}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

At separation greater than fermi, nuclear force is negligible. So, electromagnetic force is much powerful than nuclear force.
So, correct chioce is option B.

Multiple choice physics nuclei nuclear force the nuclear force nuclear force and binding energy

Attractive Force exists between two protons inside the Nucleus. This is due to :

  1. Gravitational Forces

  2. Electro magnetic Forces

  3. Weak Nuclear Forces

  4. Strong Nuclear Forces
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The forces that bind fermions (electron, proton, neutron) together are termed as weak forces. Whereas the forces that bind the constituents of a nucleus are strong nuclear force.

Multiple choice physics nuclei nuclear force the nuclear force nuclear force and binding energy

Repulsive forces exists between two protons outside the nucleus. This is due to

  1. Gravitiaonal Forces

  2. Electro magnetic Forces

  3. Weak Nuclear Forces

  4. Strong Nuclear Forces
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Electromagnetic force.

This force is described by electromagnetic fields, and has innumerable physical instances including the interaction of electrically charged particles and the interaction of uncharged magnetic force fields with electrical conductors.

Multiple choice physics nuclei nuclear force the nuclear force nuclear force and binding energy

The kind(s) of force that is/are present between two protons in a nucleus is/are _______.

  1. Electrostatic force

  2. Nuclear force

  3. Magnetic force

  4. Both (A) and (B)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Two protons are subject to two forces;- the nuclear force and the electrostatic force. When they are very close together the nuclear force is dominant, and when they are far apart electrostatic force is dominant
Hence two kinds of forces present between two protons in a nucleus.
However magnitude of Nuclear force is much more than Electrostatic force
Multiple choice physics nuclei nuclear force the nuclear force nuclear force and binding energy

Which  of the following statement is incorrect for nuclear forces ?

  1. These are strongest in magnitude

  2. They are charge dependent

  3. They are effective only for short ranges

  4. They result for interaction of every nucleon with the nearest limited number of nucleons
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

As we know that nucleus force is a strong force , they are strongest in magnitude. They are short range because the distance between the nucleon $0.7$ fermi which is very small.
They are charged independent. They result for interaction of every nucleon with the nearest limited number of nucleons.

Multiple choice physics nuclei nuclear force the nuclear force nuclear force and binding energy

The bin ding energy of deuteron $ (^2 _1H) $ is 1.15 MeV per nucleon and an alpha particle $ ( ^4 _2He ) $ has binding energy of 7.1 MeV per nucleon . then in the reaction $^2 _1H + ^2 _1H \rightarrow ^4 _2He + Q $ the energy Q is

  1. 33.0 MeV

  2. 28.4 MeV

  3. 23.8 MeV

  4. 4.6 MeV
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Q = (BE of products) - (BE of reactants). Reactants: 2 * (2 * 1.15) = 4.6 MeV. Products: 4 * 7.1 = 28.4 MeV. Q = 28.4 - 4.6 = 23.8 MeV.

Multiple choice physics nuclei nuclear force the nuclear force nuclear force and binding energy

A neutron exerts a force on a proton which is

  1. gravitational

  2. electromagnetic

  3. nuclear

  4. weak
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A,C Correct answer
Explanation

Nuclear force
The nuclear force (or nucleon interaction or residual strong force) is the force of protons and neutrons, subatomic particles that are collectively called nucleons. The nuclear force is responsible for binding protons and neutrons into atomic nuclei. Neutrons and protons are affected by the nuclear force almost identically. Since protons have charge +1 e, they experience a Coulomb repulsion that tends to push them apart, but at short range, the nuclear force is sufficiently attractive as to overcome the electromagnetic repulsive force. The mass of a nucleus is less than the sum total of the individual masses of the protons and neutrons which form it.
Gravitational force
This force acts b.w two particles having non zero mass
Electromagnetic force
Electromagnetism is the study of the electromagnetic force which is a type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles. 

Since neutron is uncharged, the electromagnetic force is zero.

Multiple choice physics nuclei nuclear force the nuclear force nuclear force and binding energy

A proton exerts a force on a proton which is

  1. gravitational

  2. electromagnetic

  3. nuclear

  4. weak
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A,B,C Correct answer
Explanation

Nuclear force
The nuclear force (or nucleon interaction or residual strong force) is the force of protons and neutrons, subatomic particles that are collectively called nucleons. The nuclear force is responsible for binding protons and neutrons into atomic nuclei. Neutrons and protons are affected by the nuclear force almost identically. Since protons have charge +1 e, they experience a Coulomb repulsion that tends to push them apart, but at short range the nuclear force is sufficiently attractive as to overcome the electromagnetic repulsive force. The mass of a nucleus is less than the sum total of the individual masses of the protons and neutrons which form it.
Gravitational force
This force acts b.w two particles having non zero mass
Electromagnetic force
Electromagnetism is the study of the electromagnetic force which is a type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles.

Multiple choice physics nuclei nuclear force the nuclear force nuclear force and binding energy

Two Nucleons are at a separation of $1$ fermi. Proton have a charge $1.6\times10^{-19}$ $C$, the nuclear force between them is $F _{1}$ both are neutrons, $F _{2}$ if both are protons, $F _{3}$ if one neutron and one proton then

  1. $F _{1}$ = $F _{2}$>$F _{3}$
  2. $F _{1}$ = $F _{2}$ = $F _{3}$
  3. $F _{1}$<$F _{2}$<$F _{3}$
  4. $F _{1}$ = $F _{2}$<$F _{3}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Nuclear force is independent of charge of the nucleons.

Thus nuclear force is same for any pair of two nucleons which are at same distance apart.
$\therefore        F _1 = F _2 = F _3$

Multiple choice physics nuclei nuclear force the nuclear force nuclear force and binding energy

Two nucleons are at a separation of $1$ fermi. The net force between them is $F _{1}$, if both are neutrons, $F _{2}$ if both are protons and $F _{3}$, if one is a proton and the other is a neutron

  1. $F _{1} > F _{2} > F _{3}$
  2. $F _{2} > F _{1} > F _{3}$
  3. $F _{1} = F _{3} > F _{2}$
  4. $F _{1} = F _{2} > F _{3}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Nuclear forces are the strongest forces in nature.
Nuclear forces are the strong forces of attraction which hold together the nucleons (neutrons and protons) in the tiny nucleus of an atom, inspite of strong electrostatic forces of repulsion between protons. Nuclear forces act between a pair of neutrons, a pair of protons and also between a neutron, proton pair with the same strength. This shows that nuclear forces are independent of charge.
The attractive nuclear force is the same for any pair of nucleons. Thus, $F _{1} = F _{3}$ when there are no electrostatic forces, but
$F _{2} =$ attractive nuclear force $-$ repulsive electrostatic force
Hence, $F _{1} = F _{3} > F _{2}$

Multiple choice physics nuclei nuclear force the nuclear force nuclear force and binding energy

Two nucleons are at a separation of one Fermi. Protons have a charge of $+1.6\times 10^{-19}$ C. The net nuclear force between them is $F _1$, if both are neutrons, $F _2$ if both are protons and $F _3$ if one is proton and the other is neutron. Then.

  1. $F _1 = F _2 >F _3$
  2. $F _1=F _2=F _3$
  3. $F _1< F _2 < F _3$
  4. $F _1 > F _2 > F _3$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Mass of proton = Mass of neutron = $1.67\times 10^{-27}Kg$
So, force between proton - proton, proton - neutron, neutron - neutron are equal.
So, $F _1=F _2=F _3$