Biology

Nervous System and Neurons

1,164 Questions

The nervous system and neurons section covers the structural and functional aspects of the human nervous system. Topics include nerve fibers, the myelin sheath, and sympathetic nervous system functions. This material is crucial for general science preparation in various competitive exams.

Neuron structureMyelin sheath productionSympathetic nervous systemCranial and spinal nervesParasympathetic functions

Nervous System and Neurons Questions

Multiple choice biology life processes: control and coordination nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

Which of the following options correctly described the sequence of structures present between a receptor and an effector when D refers dendrite, A refers axon, S refers synapse and CB refers to cell body?

  1. D - CB - A - S - D - CB - A

  2. A -D - CB - S - A - D - CB

  3. D - CB - A - S - A - CB - D

  4. D - A - S - CB - D - A - CB
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Information in a neuron travels from dendrites to the cell body, then down the axon to the synapse, where it passes to the dendrites of the next neuron. The sequence D-CB-A-S-D-CB-A correctly represents this flow.

Multiple choice biology life processes: control and coordination nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

The chemicals which are released at the synaptic junction are known as

  1. Cerebrospinal fluid

  2. Hormones

  3. Neurotransmitters

  4. Lymph
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Neurotransmitters are the brain chemicals that communicate information throughout our brain and body. They relay signals between nerve cells called as neurons. They are the chemicals which allow the transmission of signals from one neuron to the next across synapses. They are also found at the axon endings of motor neurons, where they stimulate the muscle fibres. So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology life processes: control and coordination nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

Select the option responsible for restoring resting membrane potential of a neuron

  1. Voltage gated ${ Na }^{ + }$ channels
  2. Voltage gated ${ K }^{ + }$ channels
  3. Leaky channels for ${ K }^{ + }$
  4. ${ Na }^{ + }/{ K }^{ + }$ pump
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The Sodium-Potassium pump is the process of moving sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane is an active transport process involving the hydrolysis of ATP to provide the necessary energy. It involves an enzyme referred to as Na+/K+.

So, the correct option is 'Na+/K+ pump'.

Multiple choice biology life processes: control and coordination nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

Nerve impulse generation is a

  1. Physical process

  2. Chemical process

  3. Effected process

  4. Electro-chemical process
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A nerve impulse is a way nerve cells (neurons) communicate with one another. Nerve impulses are mostly electrical signals along the dendrites to produce a nerve impulse or action potential. The action potential is the result of ions moving in and out of the cell.
Multiple choice biology life processes: control and coordination nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

Destruction of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord would result in loss of

  1. Sensory impulses

  2. Voluntary motor impulses

  3. Commissural impulses

  4. Integrating impulses.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Anterior horn cells are the ventral (front) grey matter section of the spinal cord which contains motor neurons that affect the skeletal muscles. It is also known as anterior grey column, ventral horn. The anterior grey column is the column where the cell bodies of alpha motor neurons are located. The destruction of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord would result in loss of voluntary motor impulses because it is mainly related to motor impulses.

So, the correct answer is option B. 

Multiple choice

What is the process by which neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron?

  1. Exocytosis

  2. Endocytosis

  3. Diffusion

  4. Active transport
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron through a process called exocytosis, in which vesicles containing neurotransmitters fuse with the presynaptic membrane and release their contents into the synaptic cleft.

Multiple choice

What is the role of neurotransmitter receptors in synaptic transmission?

  1. To bind to neurotransmitters and initiate a response in the postsynaptic neuron

  2. To produce neurotransmitters

  3. To regulate the release of neurotransmitters

  4. To transport neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the postsynaptic neuron and bind to neurotransmitters, triggering a response in the postsynaptic neuron.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons?

  1. Synaptic cleft

  2. Synaptic junction

  3. Synaptic vesicle

  4. Synaptic terminal
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The synaptic cleft is the space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons where neurotransmitters are released and received.

Multiple choice

What is the role of presynaptic vesicles in synaptic transmission?

  1. To store neurotransmitters

  2. To produce neurotransmitters

  3. To regulate the release of neurotransmitters

  4. To transport neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Presynaptic vesicles are located in the presynaptic neuron and store neurotransmitters until they are released into the synaptic cleft.

Multiple choice

What is the role of glial cells in synaptic transmission?

  1. To regulate the release of neurotransmitters

  2. To produce neurotransmitters

  3. To remove neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft

  4. To transport neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Glial cells, such as astrocytes, help to remove neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft, thereby regulating synaptic transmission.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the electrical signal that is generated in the postsynaptic neuron in response to neurotransmitter binding?

  1. Action potential

  2. Synaptic potential

  3. Neurotransmitter potential

  4. Ionotropic potential
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The electrical signal that is generated in the postsynaptic neuron in response to neurotransmitter binding is called a synaptic potential.

Multiple choice

What is the role of the nerve functor in the study of higher categories?

  1. The nerve functor converts a higher category into a simplicial set.

  2. The nerve functor converts a simplicial set into a higher category.

  3. The nerve functor establishes a correspondence between higher categories and simplicial sets.

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The nerve functor establishes a correspondence between higher categories and simplicial sets, allowing for the study of higher categories through the lens of simplicial topology.

Multiple choice

What is the control center of the nervous system?

  1. Brain

  2. Spinal cord

  3. Nerves
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The brain is the control center of the nervous system and is responsible for processing information, making decisions, and controlling movement.

Multiple choice

What are the three types of nerves?

  1. Sensory nerves, motor nerves, and mixed nerves

  2. Frontal nerves, parietal nerves, and occipital nerves

  3. Temporal nerves, limbic nerves, and basal ganglia nerves
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The three types of nerves are sensory nerves, motor nerves, and mixed nerves.

Multiple choice

What is the function of sensory nerves?

  1. To send messages from the brain to the rest of the body

  2. To send messages from the rest of the body to the brain

  3. Both a and b
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Sensory nerves are responsible for sending messages from the rest of the body to the brain.