Nervous System and Neurons

Glycerophospholipids, also referred to as phospholipids, are ubiquitous in nature and are key components of the lipid bilayer of cells, as well as being involved in metabolism and cell signaling. Neural tissue (including the brain) contains relatively high amounts of glycerophospholipids, and alterations in their composition has been implicated in various neurological disorders.

The brain is the centre of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. In vertebrates the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste and smell.

In human anatomy, the sacral plexus is a nerve plexus which provides motor and sensory nerves for the posterior thigh, most of the lower leg, the entire foot and part of the pelvis. It is part of the lumbosacral plexus and emerges from the sacral vertebrae (S2-S4).

The vestibular nerve ganglion also called Scarpa's ganglion is the ganglion of the vestibular nerve. It contains the cell bodies of the bipolar primary afferent neurons whose peripheral processes form synaptic contact with hair cells of the vestibular sensory end organs.

A Schwann cell wraps around the axon many times, forming a spiral of membrane. The myelin sheath serves as an insulator for individual axons, allows the signals to move faster along the axon and can help in the repair of a damaged axon.

It is an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of acetylcholine and of some other choline esters that function as neurotransmitters.

The insulating envelope of myelin surrounds the core of a nerve fibre or axon and facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses, formed from the cell membrane of the Schwann cell in the peripheral nervous system and from oligodendroglia cells. It is also called medullary sheath.

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Correct Answer: -70

Correct Answer: sympathetic nervous system

The brachiocephalic artery or inominate artery is an artery of the mediastinum that supplies blood to the right arm and the head and neck. Inominate is a hip bone.

Vertebral column - The vertebral column (backbone or spine) is a column consisting of 33 vertebrae. It protects the spinal cord in spinal canal and is not a protective structure of the brain. Meninges are membranes that envelop the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). The primary function of Meninges is to protect the central nervous system. Aqueous humour is a thick watery substance that fills the space between lens and cornea. Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear body fluid that surrounds the brain. It acts as a cushion for brain and helps in exchange of nutrients between brain and nervous tissues as it flows throughout the inner ventricular system of brain and is absorbed back into the blood stream, rinsing the metabolic wastes from the central nervous system.

The information acquired at the end of dendritic tip of a nerve cell sets off a chemical reaction that creates an electrical impulse. This impulse travels from the dendrite to the cell body, and then along the axon to its end. At the end of axon, the electrical impulse sets off the release of some chemicals. These chemicals across the gap start a similar electrical impulse in a dendrite of the next neuron. Therefore, only two types of impulses are involved in processing nerve signal viz. electrical and chemical. Physical (touch) or mechanical (machines) impulses cannot be involved in the transmission of impulse at the end of axon or throughout the nerve conduction.

The facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve. It controls the muscles of facial expression and functions in the conveyance of taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and oral cavity.

Meissner's corpuscles are touch receptors that are located near the surface of the skin. These nerve endings are responsible for detecting a light touch to the skin.