Biology

Nervous System and Neurons

1,164 Questions

The nervous system and neurons section covers the structural and functional aspects of the human nervous system. Topics include nerve fibers, the myelin sheath, and sympathetic nervous system functions. This material is crucial for general science preparation in various competitive exams.

Neuron structureMyelin sheath productionSympathetic nervous systemCranial and spinal nervesParasympathetic functions

Nervous System and Neurons Questions

Multiple choice

__________ helps in exchange of nutrients between brain and nerve tissues.

  1. Vertebral column

  2. Meninges

  3. Aqueous humour

  4. Cerebrospinal fluid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vertebral column - The vertebral column (backbone or spine) is a column consisting of 33 vertebrae. It protects the spinal cord in spinal canal and is not a protective structure of the brain. Meninges are membranes that envelop the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). The primary function of Meninges is to protect the central nervous system. Aqueous humour is a thick watery substance that fills the space between lens and cornea. Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear body fluid that surrounds the brain. It acts as a cushion for brain and helps in exchange of nutrients between brain and nervous tissues as it flows throughout the inner ventricular system of brain and is absorbed back into the blood stream, rinsing the metabolic wastes from the central nervous system.

Multiple choice

The information acquired at the dendritic tip of a nerve cell sets off a chemical reaction. What type of impulses does this chemical reaction create?

  1. Physical

  2. Electrical

  3. Mechanical

  4. Chemical
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The information acquired at the end of dendritic tip of a nerve cell sets off a chemical reaction that creates an electrical impulse. This impulse travels from the dendrite to the cell body, and then along the axon to its end. At the end of axon, the electrical impulse sets off the release of some chemicals. These chemicals across the gap start a similar electrical impulse in a dendrite of the next neuron. Therefore, only two types of impulses are involved in processing nerve signal viz. electrical and chemical. Physical (touch) or mechanical (machines) impulses cannot be involved in the transmission of impulse at the end of axon or throughout the nerve conduction.

Multiple choice

Tongue is under the control of

  1. trigeminal nerve

  2. facial nerve

  3. autonomous nervous system

  4. glossopharyngeal nerve

  5. -
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve. It controls the muscles of facial expression and functions in the conveyance of taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and oral cavity.

Multiple choice

Meissener corpuscles are responsible for

  1. heat and are present in skin

  2. cold and are present in skin

  3. pressure and are present in skin

  4. pain and are present in skin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Meissner's corpuscles are touch receptors that are located near the surface of the skin. These nerve endings are responsible for detecting a light touch to the skin.

Multiple choice

Nerve cells are a part of

  1. epithelial tissue

  2. connective tissue

  3. nervous tissue

  4. muscular tissue

  5. -
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Nerve cells are the primary cells in the nervous system. They are responsible for relaying electrical messages to cells and tissues in other organ systems.

Multiple choice

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

How many organs form a nervous system?

The nerves, the brain and the spinal cord constitute the nervous system. The nervous system controls and regulates the activities of all the other systems of the body. The brain is the main organ of the nervous system. The brain consists of cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata. The cerebrum controls voluntary actions and is the seat of intelligence. It is the largest part of the brain. The cerebellum regulates muscular movement of locomotion. The medulla oblongata is the lowermost part of the brain which  continues as the spinal cord in the vertebral column. It controls  involuntary actions. The spinal cord is the elongated nearly cylindrical continuation of medulla oblongata. The spinal cord is the center of various reflex actions. There are several organs in the body that receive the external and internal stimuli and convey it to central nervous system. The main sense organs are for touch, hearing, vision, smell and taste; these are the eyes, skin, tongue, ears, and nose.

  1. Two

  2. One

  3. Three

  4. Four

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Concept based

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements regarding nerve conduction and synaptic integration is incorrect?

  1. The synaptic inputs are then associated with the postsynaptic cell.

  2. The action potential on entering the synapse causes the release of neurotransmitters.

  3. The binding of neurotransmitters with the pre and post synaptic membranes cause the change in membrane potential.

  4. In myelinated neurons, the action potential acts at node of Ranvier.

  5. Neurotransmitters gets activated at the synaptic junction.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Neurotransmitters gets inactivated at the synaptic junction by enzymatic degradation or selective uptake mechanisms.