Biology · General Awareness

Muscle Biology

836 Questions

Muscle biology covers the structures, functions, and contraction mechanisms of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles. Test questions target filaments, stimuli, and specific muscle roles. A clear understanding helps secure marks in biology sections.

Skeletal muscle controlCardiac muscle propertiesMuscle contraction mechanismActin and myosin filamentsMuscle functions

Muscle Biology Questions

Multiple choice

Why does heavy exercise cause muscle cramps?

  1. Due to formation of lactic acid.

  2. Due to evolution of high concentration of CO2 .

  3. Due to formation of ethanol.

  4. Due to complete absence of oxygen in muscles.

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

During heavy exercise, muscles require more oxygen than can be supplied, leading to anaerobic respiration. This process produces lactic acid as a byproduct, which accumulates in muscle tissue and causes cramps. The other options are incorrect because CO2 is a normal byproduct, ethanol is produced in yeast fermentation, and muscles never have complete absence of oxygen (that would cause tissue death, not cramps).

Multiple choice

Among the types of muscle tissues, which of the following is not a property of smooth muscles?

  1. The fibres of these muscles taper at both ends.

  2. The smooth muscles are bundled together in a connective tissue sheath.

  3. Cell junctions fuse the plasma membranes of these muscle cells, making them stick together.

  4. The walls of internal organs of organisms contain this type of muscle tissues.

  5. They are 'involuntary'.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option as this is not a property of smooth muscles. Cell junctions fuse the plasma membranes of cardiac muscle cells and make them stick together.

Multiple choice

Polioviruses have high affinity for

  1. muscle tissues

  2. intestinal tissues

  3. nervous tissues

  4. bone tissues
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Polioviruses have high affinity for nervous tissues. They multiply in the nerve cells and destroy them, leading to paralysis.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements regarding muscle fatigue is false?

  1. After heavy strain of muscular work, one feels fatigue.

  2. Muscle contracts and remains in that state.

  3. Deficiency of oxygen takes place.

  4. Accumulation of lactic acid takes place.

  5. Immediate source of energy ATP decreases.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Yes, it is correct. This statement is false as during muscular fatigue, there is an inability of muscular contraction, but when we allow resting for some time, the fatigue is removed and the muscle can contract again.

Multiple choice

The muscle which is immune to fatigue is

  1. unstripped muscle

  2. striped muscle

  3. cardiac muscle

  4. none

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cardiac muscle (heart) has unique properties - it's autorhythmic (self-exciting), richly supplied with mitochondria, and contracts continuously without fatigue. Unlike skeletal or smooth muscle, it never tires due to constant ATP production.

Multiple choice

The strongest muscle in the body is in

  1. thighs

  2. jaws

  3. neck

  4. arms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The masseter muscle in the jaw generates remarkable force, capable of biting with pressures exceeding 200 pounds on the molar teeth. This evolutionary adaptation allows for efficient processing of tough foods, making it the strongest muscle based on maximum force generation.

Multiple choice

Muscle fatigue occurs due to the accumulation of ________.

  1. Pyruvic acid

  2. Lactic acid

  3. Oxaloacetic acid

  4. Uric acid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

During intense anaerobic exercise, muscle cells produce lactic acid as a byproduct of glycolysis when oxygen supply is insufficient. This accumulation leads to muscle fatigue, burning sensation, and reduced performance. Pyruvic acid (A) is a precursor converted to lactic acid, oxaloacetic acid (C) is part of the Krebs cycle, and uric acid (D) is a waste product from nucleic acid breakdown.

Multiple choice

Match the following:

 
a. Serosa layer 1. It is made of loose connective tissues containing nerves, blood and lymph vessels.
b. Muscularis layer 2. It is made up of a thin mesothelium with some connective tissues.
c. Sub-mucosal layer 3. It is made by smooth muscles usually arranged into an inner circular and an outer longitudinal layer.

  1. a - 2, b - 3, c - 1

  2. a - 2, b - 1, c - 3

  3. a - 3, b - 2, c - 1

  4. a - 1, b - 2, c - 3

  5. a - 1, b - 3, c - 2
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option. Serosa layer is made up of a thin mesothelium with some connective tissues. Muscularis layer is made by smooth muscles usually arranged into an inner circular and an outer longitudinal layer. Sub-mucosal layer is made of loose connective tissues containing nerves, blood and lymph vessels.

Multiple choice

Which of the following proteins is present in the muscles?

  1. Casein

  2. Myosin

  3. Renin

  4. Keratin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Myosin and actin are filamentous protein molecules contained in muscles. In the presence of calcium ions  myosin and actin  slide past each other and form cross-bridges, thereby contracting the muscle.

Multiple choice

Movements in heart is brought by

  1. epithelial tissue

  2. nerve tissue

  3. connective tissue

  4. muscle tissue
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The muscle tissue form the contractile tissue are made of muscle cells. Movement of body or limbs are brought about by contraction and the relaxation of the contractile proteins which are present in the muscle cells. The movement of the internal organs such as heart and alimentary canal, are all caused by muscle tissues.