Mountains, Hills, and Trekking Geography

The Himalayas are the youngest mountain range on Earth, formed approximately 50 million years ago by the ongoing collision of Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates. They are still rising today. The Aravallis are among the oldest, while Alps and Andes formed earlier than Himalayas.

Nanga Parbat (8,126m) is the highest among the options listed. It is the ninth highest mountain in the world and second highest in Pakistan after K2. Nanda Devi (8,163m) is actually higher than Nanga Parbat but is listed as option D, not C. Kamet (7,756m) and Kun Lun (various peaks, none exceeding 7,500m) are lower.

Purvanchal refers to the mountain ranges on India's eastern borders, including the hills of Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Arunachal Pradesh. These are part of the Eastern Himalayas and associated ranges. The term literally means 'eastern region' and distinguishes these eastern mountains from other Himalayan divisions.

The Deccan Plateau is a large plateau in India, making up most of the southern part of the country. It is located between three mountain ranges: the Western Ghats form its western boundary, and the Eastern Ghats its eastern boundary. The Chota Nagpur Plateau is a plateau in eastern India, which covers much of Jharkhand state as well as adjacent parts of Orissa, West Bengal, Bihar and Chhattisgarh. Malwa Plateau is a plateau region in north-central India. It is bounded by the Madhya Bharat Plateau and Bundelkhand Upland to the north, the Vindhya Range to the east and south, and the Gujarat Plains to the west. The Bhander Plateau is a plateau in the state of Madhya Pradesh in India. It has an area of 10,000 km².

Tenzing Norgay, a Sherpa mountaineer from Nepal, along with Edmund Hillary from New Zealand, became the first confirmed climbers to reach the summit of Mount Everest on May 29, 1953. This achievement made Tenzing Norgay a global icon and pioneer in mountaineering.

This is the correct answer. Nilgai is a habitat generalist, living in grasslands and woodlands where it eats grass, leaves, buds and fruits. 

This is the correct answer. Mawsynram in the southern ranges of the Khasi Hills receives the highest average rainfall in the world.

This is the correct option as this statement is false. The Gujjars of Gharwal and Kumaon came down to bhabar in winters and went up to bugyals in summers.

Mount Saramati is indeed the highest peak in the Naga Hills range, located on the border of Nagaland (India) and Myanmar, with an elevation of 3,826 meters. K2 is in the Karakoram range (Pakistan/China), Sarabati is not a major peak, and Kanchenjunga is in the Himalayas (India/Nepal border).

The Bengal Duars (also called Duars) were ceded by Bhutan to British India after the Anglo-Bhutan War of 1864-65 (often referenced as 1863 when hostilities began). The Duars are the foothills of the Himalayas between Assam and Bengal. Tarai is the lowland region south of the Himalayan foothills, Brahmaputra Valley is in Assam, and Assam Himalaya is the mountain range itself.

Nilgiri Hills are located at the junction of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka, with a significant portion extending into Tamil Nadu. They are part of the Western Ghats. Lushai Hills are in Mizoram (Northeast), Garo Hills in Meghalaya (Northeast), and Girnar Hills in Gujarat (West).

Kanchenjunga (8,586 meters) is the highest peak in India, located on the India-Nepal border in Sikkim. After the loss of K2 (8,611m) to Pakistan in 1947, Kanchenjunga became India's highest peak. Mount Everest is in Nepal-China, and Gaumukh is a glacier source in Uttarakhand.

Kanchenjunga (8,586m) is the highest mountain peak situated within Indian territory, located on the border between India and Nepal in the Himalayas. K2 is taller but lies in Pakistan-occupied territory.

The Sarvastivadin school of Buddhism was particularly strong in northwest India, especially Kashmir and Mathura. Kashmir became a major center of Sarvastivada scholarship, producing influential commentaries. They believed all dharmas exist in past, present, and future (sarvastivada means 'all exists'). Tibet/Nepal had Vajrayana later, Burma/Thailand followed Theravada, and Bihar/Bengal were strongholds of other schools.

The Himalayas are called Young Fold Mountains as they are relatively young in the history of Earth.