Biology

Molecular Genetics

851 Questions

Molecular genetics explores the mechanisms of genetic information transfer, including DNA replication, transcription, and translation. It is a core component of biology syllabi. These concepts frequently appear in general science sections of major competitive exams.

DNA replicationTranscription processTranslation processRNA typesCentral dogma

Molecular Genetics Questions

Multiple choice

What is the name of the short RNA molecule that primes DNA synthesis during replication?

  1. Helicase

  2. Polymerase

  3. Ligase

  4. Primase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Primase is the enzyme that synthesizes the short RNA molecule (primer) that primes DNA synthesis during replication.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in transcription?

  1. Initiation, Elongation, Termination

  2. Elongation, Initiation, Termination

  3. Termination, Elongation, Initiation

  4. Initiation, Termination, Elongation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Transcription occurs in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is responsible for adding new nucleotides to the growing RNA strand during transcription?

  1. Helicase

  2. Polymerase

  3. Ligase

  4. Primase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Polymerase is the enzyme responsible for adding new nucleotides to the growing RNA strand during transcription, using the DNA template strand as a guide.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the enzyme that terminates transcription and releases the newly synthesized RNA molecule?

  1. Helicase

  2. Polymerase

  3. Ligase

  4. Primase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
Correct answer
Explanation

Terminator is the sequence of nucleotides that signals the termination of transcription and the release of the newly synthesized RNA molecule.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the process by which a gene's DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA molecule?

  1. Replication

  2. Transcription

  3. Translation

  4. Mutation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Transcription is the process by which a gene's DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA molecule.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the process by which the information in an RNA molecule is used to synthesize a protein?

  1. Replication

  2. Transcription

  3. Translation

  4. Mutation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Translation is the process by which the information in an RNA molecule is used to synthesize a protein.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in translation?

  1. Initiation, Elongation, Termination

  2. Elongation, Initiation, Termination

  3. Termination, Elongation, Initiation

  4. Initiation, Termination, Elongation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Translation occurs in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the small ribosomal subunit that binds to the mRNA and tRNA molecules during translation?

  1. 30S

  2. 50S

  3. 70S

  4. 90S
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The 30S ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA and tRNA molecules during translation.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the large ribosomal subunit that binds to the tRNA molecules and catalyzes peptide bond formation during translation?

  1. 30S

  2. 50S

  3. 70S

  4. 90S
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The 50S ribosomal subunit binds to the tRNA molecules and catalyzes peptide bond formation during translation.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the molecule that carries the amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

  1. mRNA

  2. tRNA

  3. rRNA

  4. DNA
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

tRNA (transfer RNA) is the molecule that carries the amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

Multiple choice

What is the term used to describe the process by which DNA is copied?

  1. Replication

  2. Transcription

  3. Translation

  4. Mutation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Replication is the process by which DNA is copied. This process is essential for the growth and development of organisms.

Multiple choice

What is the term used to describe the process by which DNA is transcribed into RNA?

  1. Replication

  2. Transcription

  3. Translation

  4. Mutation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Transcription is the process by which DNA is transcribed into RNA. This process is essential for the production of proteins.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA molecule?

  1. Messenger RNA (mRNA)

  2. Transfer RNA (tRNA)

  3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

  4. Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
Correct answer
Explanation

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) is not a type of RNA molecule, but rather a type of non-coding RNA that is involved in the processing of pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) in the nucleus.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the process by which DNA is copied into RNA?

  1. Replication

  2. Transcription

  3. Translation

  4. Mutation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied into RNA. It is carried out by an enzyme called RNA polymerase, which synthesizes a complementary RNA strand using one of the DNA strands as a template.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the process by which RNA is translated into a protein?

  1. Replication

  2. Transcription

  3. Translation

  4. Mutation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Translation is the process by which RNA is translated into a protein. It is carried out by ribosomes, which are large protein complexes that read the sequence of codons in mRNA and assemble the corresponding amino acids into a polypeptide chain.