Biology

Molecular Biology and Genetics

985 Questions

Molecular biology and genetics explore the structure and function of DNA, RNA, genetic mutations, and heredity. Understanding these building blocks of life is essential for most biology examinations. Review these practice questions to test your molecular genetics knowledge.

DNA structure and basesGenetic mutationsNucleic acids compositionDNA sequencing and replication

Molecular Biology and Genetics Questions

Multiple choice

Functional segments of DNA are _______.

  1. RNA

  2. chromosomes

  3. genes

  4. peptides
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Genes - Functional segments of DNA are called genes which regulates the process of development of a cell. Functional segments mean that the information encoded within the DNA structure of a gene directs the manufacture of proteins that carry out life supporting activities. 

Multiple choice

The full form of DNA is _________.

  1. Deoxyribonucleic Acid

  2. Dioxyribonucleic Acid

  3. Diribonucleic Acid

  4. Deribonucleic Acid

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Deoxy - Removal of oxygen DNA is the genetic material found in all living organisms. Functional unit of DNA is called genes which regulates the process of development of a cell. All characters of individual are dependent on the types of genes. DNA is made up of deoxyribose sugar which is a fine carbon sugar (one atom of oxygen is removed from the ribose sugar). It also consists of nucleic acid. Nucleic acid are made up of bases, sugar and phosphate group. Bases are of 4 types in DNA consisting of Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C).(B), (C) and (D) are wrong terms.

Multiple choice

Which of the following pairs of 'disorder - its cause' is/are incorrectly matched?

  1. Barakat syndrome - defect getting mapped to chromosome 10p
  2. Blepharophimosis, ptosis, epicanthus inversus syndrome - caused by a mutation in the gene FOXL2 that is located at band 23 on the long arm of chromosome 3
  3. Brunner syndrome - caused by mutations in the maternally and paternally-derived copies of the gene BLM

  1. Only 1

  2. Only 2

  3. Only 3

  4. Only 1 and 2

  5. Only 2 and 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

This option is correct. Brunner syndrome is caused by monoamine oxidase A deficiency whereas Bloom-Torre-Machacek syndrome is caused by mutations in the maternally and paternally-derived copies of the gene BLM.

Multiple choice

A nucleoside does not contains

  1. Nitrogenous base

  2. Phosphate group

  3. Pentose sugar

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A nucleoside is a compound that contains a nitrogenous-base bound to a deoxyribose or a ribose sugar.It does not contain phosphate group. It occurs when nucleic acids are hydrolyzed or broken down.

Multiple choice

Nucleic acid i.e.DNA & RNA is a polymer of

  1. Monosaccharides

  2. Nucleotide

  3. Amino acids

  4. Fatty acids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Nucleotides are the single units that make up nucleic acids like RNA and DNA - literally the building blocks of life.A nucleotide is the monomer structural unit of nucleotide chains that form the nucleic acids RNA and DNA, as well as several lesser nucleic acids. The nucleotide consists of a heterocyclic nucleobase, a pentose sugar like ribose or deoxyribose, and a phosphate or polyphosphate group.

Multiple choice

The chain of nucleotides joined together by phosphodiester bonds is knowna as

  1. Phosphate Backbone

  2. Nitrogen Base

  3. Phosphate Group

  4. Nucleic acids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The nucleic acids are very large molecules that have two main parts. The backbone of a nucleic acid is made of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules bonded together in a long chain. A chain of nucleotides joined together by phosphodiester bonds. Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids.